Java面试题:
当一个对象被当作参数传递到一个方法后,此方法可改变这个对象的属性,并可返回变化后的结果,那么这里到底是值传递还是引用传递?
答案基本上是:值传递
说明:得出这种结论的前提必须是“参数的值就是对该对象的引用,而不是对象的内容”
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值传递:方法调用时,实际参数把它的值传递给对应的形式参数,方法中执行形式参数值的改变不影响实际参数的值。
引用传递:也称为传地址。方法调用时,实际参数的引用(即地址,而不是参数的值)被传递给方法中相对应的形式参数,
在方法中执行对形式参数的操作实际上就是对实际参数的操作(地址操作),这样方法执行中形式参数值的改变将会影响实际参数的值。
值传递——基本数据类型作为参数(如:String,int)
public static void changeInt(int a, int b){
int tmp;
tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
参数调用:
// int类型,值传递
int a = 123;
int b = 456;
printInt(a, b);
changeInt(a, b);
printInt(a, b);
执行结果:
a = 123; b = 456 a = 123; b = 456 ----------------------------------------------------
引用传递——对象或数组作为参数(如:Person,Array)
class Person{
String name;
int age;
public Person(String name, int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public void changePerson(Person person, String name, int age){
person.name = name;
person.age = age;
}
public void printPerson(Person person){
System.out.println("name = " + person.name + "; age = " + person.age);
}
}
参数调用:
// 对象,引用传递
Person p = new Person("张三", 20);
p.printPerson(p);
p.changePerson(p, "李四", 30);
p.printPerson(p);
执行结果: name = 张三; age = 20 name = 李四; age = 30
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完整示例:
package com.val_ref;
// Person类
class Person{
String name;
int age;
public Person(String name, int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public void changePerson(Person person, String name, int age){
person.name = name;
person.age = age;
}
public void printPerson(Person person){
System.out.println("name = " + person.name + "; age = " + person.age);
}
}
class iArray{
public iArray(){
}
public void reverseArray(int []array){
int tmp;
int len = array.length;
for(int i=0; i<len/2; i++){
tmp = array[i];
array[i]= array[len-1-i];
array[len-1-i] = tmp;
}
}
public void printArray(int []array){
for(int i=0; i<array.length; i++){
System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
public class testValue {
public static void main(String []args){
// 对象,引用传递
Person p = new Person("张三", 20);
p.printPerson(p);
p.changePerson(p, "李四", 30);
p.printPerson(p);
// 对象,引用传递
int []array = new int[5];
for(int i=0; i<array.length; i++){
array[i] = i+1;
}
iArray obj = new iArray();
obj.printArray(array);
obj.reverseArray(array);
obj.printArray(array);
// String类型,值传递
String name1 = "张三";
String name2 = "李四";
printString(name1, name2);
changeString(name1, name2);
printString(name1, name2);
// int类型,值传递
int a = 123;
int b = 456;
printInt(a, b);
changeInt(a, b);
printInt(a, b);
}
// String类型
public static void changeString(String name1, String name2){
String tmpName;
tmpName = name1;
name1 = name2;
name2 = tmpName;
}
public static void printString(String name1, String name2){
System.out.println("name1 = " + name1 + "; name2 = " + name2);
}
// int类型
public static void changeInt(int a, int b){
int tmp;
tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
public static void printInt(int a, int b){
System.out.println("a = " + a + "; b = " + b);
}
}
执行结果: name = 张三; age = 20 name = 李四; age = 30 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 name1 = 张三; name2 = 李四 name1 = 张三; name2 = 李四 a = 123; b = 456 a = 123; b = 456
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