kubernetes - kubeadm
概述
学习了一下kubernetes。
首先Kubernetes首字母为K，末尾为s，中间一共有8个字母，所以简称K8s。
发现网上一共常用的两种安装方法，一种是二进制安装，另一种是kubeadm第二种方法很快捷适合快速搭建。
记录一下搭建过程。
前言
kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具 这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署
# 创建一个 Master 节点
kubeadm init
# 将一个 Node 节点加入到当前集群中
kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 >Kubeadm方式搭建K8S集群
使用kubeadm方式搭建K8s集群主要分为以下几步
- 准备三台虚拟机，同时安装操作系统
CentOS 7.x - 对三个安装之后的操作系统进行初始化操作
- 在三个节点安装
docker kubelet kubeadm kubectl - 在
Master节点执行kubeadm init命令初始化 - 在
node节点上执行kubeadm join命令，把node节点添加到当前集群 - 配置
CNI网络插件，用于节点之间的连通【失败了可以多试几次】 - 通过拉取一个
nginx进行测试，能否进行外网测试
安装要求
在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
- 一台或多台机器，操作系统
CentOS7.x-86_x64 - 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多【注意Master需要两核】
- 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
- 禁止
swap分区
具体内容
一、前置准备
- 所有机器需要执行
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
# 永久关闭
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 临时关闭
setenforce 0
# 关闭swap
# 临时
swapoff -a
# 永久关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com- 假设现在有三台机器，分别划分成一台
Master节点，两台node节点
# 根据规划设置主机名【Master节点上操作】
hostnamectl set-hostname k8smaster
# 根据规划设置主机名【node1节点操作】
hostnamectl set-hostname k8snode1
# 根据规划设置主机名【node2节点操作】
hostnamectl set-hostname k8snode2
# 在Master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.xxx.xx0 k8smaster
192.168.xxx.xx1 k8snode1
192.168.xxx.xx2 k8snode2
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链(三台)
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# 生效
sysctl --system 二、安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
三、部署Kubernetes Master【master节点】
- 上面的状态还是
NotReady下面我们需要网络插件，来进行联网访问
# 下载网络插件配置
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml- 运行下载后的文件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml- 查看状态
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
- 这里可能会有一些问题，比如
STATUS状态报错，Init的话就多等一会儿 - 还可能文件下载不下来等，文章最后会写解决办法
- 再次查看状态
kubectl get node
- 如果上述操作完成后，还存在某个节点处于
NotReady状态，可以在Master将该节点删除
# master节点将该节点删除
kubectl delete node k8snode1
# 然后到k8snode1节点进行重置
kubeadm reset
# 重置完后在加入
kubeadm join 192.168.xxx.xx0:6443 --token xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx四、测试kubernetes集群
- 我们到我们的宿主机浏览器上，两个
node节点的IP+端口(:30529)
五、部署Dashboard(可选)
六、问题
- 使用提供的
kube-flannel.yml
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: edlcloud/flannel:tagname
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: edlcloud/flannel:tagname
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm64
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: ppc64le
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: s390x
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
yaml中有两个image使用的我在docker hub仓库中放的镜像能快一点儿，感谢lizhenliang大佬的镜像我给放到自己的仓库了。本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。
原始发表：2020-12-24，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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