(Leetcode 2021 刷题计划) 92. 反转链表 II

示例 1：
输入：head = [1,2,3,4,5], left = 2, right = 4
输出：[1,4,3,2,5]

示例 2：
输入：head = [5], left = 1, right = 1
输出：[5]

class Solution {
private:
    void reverseLinkedList(ListNode *head) {
        ListNode *pre = nullptr;
        ListNode *cur = head;

        while (cur != nullptr) {
            ListNode *next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = next;
        }
    }

public:
    ListNode *reverseBetween(ListNode *head, int left, int right) {
        ListNode *dummyNode = new ListNode(-1);
        dummyNode->next = head;

        ListNode *pre = dummyNode;
        // 第 1 步：从虚拟头节点走 left - 1 步，来到 left 节点的前一个节点
        for (int i = 0; i < left - 1; i++) {
            pre = pre->next;
        }

        // 第 2 步：从 pre 再走 right - left + 1 步，来到 right 节点
        ListNode *rightNode = pre;
        for (int i = 0; i < right - left + 1; i++) {
            rightNode = rightNode->next;
        }

        // 第 3 步：切断出一个子链表（截取链表）
        ListNode *leftNode = pre->next;
        ListNode *curr = rightNode->next;

        // 注意：切断链接
        pre->next = nullptr;
        rightNode->next = nullptr;

        // 第 4 步：同第 206 题，反转链表的子区间
        reverseLinkedList(leftNode);

        // 第 5 步：接回到原来的链表中
        pre->next = rightNode;
        leftNode->next = curr;
        return dummyNode->next;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *reverseBetween(ListNode *head, int left, int right) {
        // 设置 dummyNode 是这一类问题的一般做法
        ListNode *dummyNode = new ListNode(-1);
        dummyNode->next = head;
        ListNode *pre = dummyNode;
        for (int i = 0; i < left - 1; i++) {
            pre = pre->next;
        }
        ListNode *cur = pre->next;
        ListNode *next;
        for (int i = 0; i < right - left; i++) {
            next = cur->next;
            cur->next = next->next;
            next->next = pre->next;
            pre->next = next;
        }
        return dummyNode->next;
    }
};