Guice依赖注入(接口多实现)

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程序猿梦工厂

修改于 2021-08-26 17:34:08

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修改于 2021-08-26 17:34:08

文章被收录于专栏：程序猿梦工厂

本文章主要详细讲解Guice依赖注入中的特性接口多实现，一般使用到guice的框架的插件机制都是基于该方式实现。

基础环境

技术	版本
Java	1.8+
Guice	4.2.3

初始化项目

初始化项目

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=io.edurt.lc.guice -DartifactId=guice-binder-multiple -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -Dversion=1.0.0 -DinteractiveMode=false

修改pom.xml增加Guice依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>lc-guice</artifactId>
        <groupId>io.edurt.lc.guice</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>guice-binder-multiple</artifactId>
    <name>Learning Center for Guice Binder(Multiple Service)</name>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>guice</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

guice: guice就是我们核心要使用的依赖

接口多实现注入

如果一个接口有多个实现，如果单单通过@Inject和Module都难以直接实现，但多实现是经常会出现的，Guice提供了其它注入方式来解决此问题。

在src/main/java目录下新建io.edurt.lc.guice.GuiceService类文件,在文件输入以下内容

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

public interface GuiceService
{
    void println(String input);
}

在src/main/java目录下新建io.edurt.lc.guice.GuiceJavaService类文件,在文件输入以下内容

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

public class GuiceJavaService
        implements GuiceService
{
    @Override
    public void println(String input)
    {
        System.out.println(String.format("Java %s", input));
    }
}

在src/main/java目录下新建io.edurt.lc.guice.GuicePythonService类文件,在文件输入以下内容

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

public class GuicePythonService
        implements GuiceService
{
    @Override
    public void println(String input)
    {
        System.out.println(String.format("Python %s", input));
    }
}

创建src/main/java目录下创建io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Java和io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Python注解类，用于提供guice框架标识

io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Java文件内容

package io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation;

import com.google.inject.BindingAnnotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@BindingAnnotation
public @interface Java
{
}

io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Python文件内容

package io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation;

import com.google.inject.BindingAnnotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@BindingAnnotation
public @interface Python
{
}

接下来在src/test/java目录创建io.edurt.lc.guice.TestGuiceMultiple类文件进行定义的服务进行测试,添加以下代码

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Java;
import io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Python;

public class TestGuiceMultiple
{
    @Inject
    @Java
    public GuiceService java;

    @Inject
    @Python
    public GuiceService python;

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        TestGuiceMultiple application = Guice.createInjector(binder -> {
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).annotatedWith(Java.class).to(GuiceJavaService.class);
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).annotatedWith(Python.class).to(GuicePythonService.class);
        }).getInstance(TestGuiceMultiple.class);
        application.java.println("Hello Java Implement");
        application.python.println("Hello Python Implement");
    }
}

运行单元测试后,控制台会输出以下信息:

Java Hello Java Implement
Python Hello Python Implement

我们注意看binder的配置中，我们将注解与实际的实现类绑定到了一起，这样就实现了绑定多接口实现的功能。

注意：在本次程序中我们使用的是lambda表达式进行的代码编程，需要jdk1.8及以上版本

静态代码注入

我们如果需要进行静态代码注入服务该怎么写呢？我们参照以前讲解的Guice依赖注入(构造函数注入)资源中，在src/test/java目录创建io.edurt.lc.guice.TestGuiceMultipleStatic类进行static的注入，代码如下

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

import com.google.inject.Inject;
import io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Java;
import io.edurt.lc.guice.annotation.Python;

public class TestGuiceMultipleStatic
{
    @Inject
    @Java
    public static GuiceService java;

    @Inject
    @Python
    public static GuiceService python;

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        com.google.inject.Guice.createInjector(binder -> {
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).annotatedWith(Java.class).to(GuiceJavaService.class);
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).annotatedWith(Python.class).to(GuicePythonService.class);
            binder.requestStaticInjection(TestGuiceMultipleStatic.class);
        });
        TestGuiceMultipleStatic.java.println("Hello Java Static Bind");
        TestGuiceMultipleStatic.python.println("Hello Python Static Bind");
    }
}

我们只需要在binder阶段将我们的主类注入到guice容器中，也就是我们看到的binder.requestStaticInjection(TestGuiceMultipleStatic.class);代码，运行单元测试后,控制台会输出以下信息:

Java Hello Java Static Bind
Python Hello Python Static Bind

使用@Named注解绑定

在src/test/java目录创建io.edurt.lc.guice.TestGuiceMultipleNamed类,文件内容如下

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;

public class TestGuiceMultipleNamed
{
    @Inject
    public GuiceService java;

    @Inject
    public GuiceService python;

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        TestGuiceMultipleNamed application = Guice.createInjector(binder -> {
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).to(GuiceJavaService.class);
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).to(GuicePythonService.class);
        }).getInstance(TestGuiceMultipleNamed.class);
        application.java.println("Hello Java Named Implement");
        application.python.println("Hello Python Named Implement");
    }
}

运行单元测试后,控制台会输出以下信息:

Exception in thread "main" com.google.inject.CreationException: Unable to create injector, see the following errors:

1) A binding to io.edurt.lc.guice.GuiceService was already configured at io.edurt.lc.guice.TestGuiceMultipleNamed.lambda$main$0(TestGuiceMultipleNamed.java:17).
  at io.edurt.lc.guice.TestGuiceMultipleNamed.lambda$main$0(TestGuiceMultipleNamed.java:18)

1 error
	at com.google.inject.internal.Errors.throwCreationExceptionIfErrorsExist(Errors.java:554)
	at com.google.inject.internal.InternalInjectorCreator.initializeStatically(InternalInjectorCreator.java:161)
	at com.google.inject.internal.InternalInjectorCreator.build(InternalInjectorCreator.java:108)
	at com.google.inject.Guice.createInjector(Guice.java:87)
	at com.google.inject.Guice.createInjector(Guice.java:69)
	at com.google.inject.Guice.createInjector(Guice.java:59)
	at io.edurt.lc.guice.TestGuiceMultipleNamed.main(TestGuiceMultipleNamed.java:16)

这是因为我们使用了属性绑定了多接口实现，导致guice无法识别具体是哪个实现类，不过guice是强大的这种问题也被考虑到了，只需要使用@Named模板生成注解即可解决，我们将代码修改为以下内容

package io.edurt.lc.guice;

import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.name.Named;
import com.google.inject.name.Names;

public class TestGuiceMultipleNamed
{
    @Inject
    @Named("Java")
    public GuiceService java;

    @Inject
    @Named("Python")
    public GuiceService python;

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        TestGuiceMultipleNamed application = Guice.createInjector(binder -> {
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("Java")).to(GuiceJavaService.class);
            binder.bind(GuiceService.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("Python")).to(GuicePythonService.class);
        }).getInstance(TestGuiceMultipleNamed.class);
        application.java.println("Hello Java Named Implement");
        application.python.println("Hello Python Named Implement");
    }
}

运行单元测试后,控制台会输出以下信息:

Java Hello Java Named Implement
Python Hello Python Named Implement

这个示例也很好理解，其实我们只是做了两步操作

在绑定实现的时候使用annotatedWith(Names.named("Java"))进行对该服务实现做名称标志
在需要使用服务实现的地方使用@Named("Java")进行服务的引用即可

源码地址

GitHub

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

java

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

java

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