Python抽象基类的定义与使用

import collections

Card = collections.namedtuple('Card', ['rank', 'suit'])

class FrenchDeck2(collections.MutableSequence):
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2, 11)] + list('JQKA')
    suits = 'spades diamonds clubs hearts'.split()

    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank, suit) for suit in self.suits
                                        for rank in self.ranks]

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._cards)

    def __getitem__(self, position):
        return self._cards[position]

    def __setitem__(self, position, value):  # <1>
        self._cards[position] = value

    def __delitem__(self, position):  # <2>
        del self._cards[position]

    def insert(self, position, value):  # <3>
        self._cards.insert(position, value)

# BEGIN TOMBOLA_ABC

import abc

class Tombola(abc.ABC):  # <1>

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def load(self, iterable):  # <2>
        """Add items from an iterable."""

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def pick(self):  # <3>
        """Remove item at random, returning it.
        This method should raise `LookupError` when the instance is empty.
        """

    def loaded(self):  # <4>
        """Return `True` if there's at least 1 item, `False` otherwise."""
        return bool(self.inspect())  # <5>


    def inspect(self):
        """Return a sorted tuple with the items currently inside."""
        items = []
        while True:  # <6>
            try:
                items.append(self.pick())
            except LookupError:
                break
        self.load(items)  # <7>
        return tuple(sorted(items))


# END TOMBOLA_ABC

Sequence.register(tuple)
Sequence.register(str)
Sequence.register(range)
Sequence.register(memoryview)

@Tombola.register
class TomboList(list):
    ...