构建基于PoA共识的以太坊私链

# node
# account 1
$ geth --datadir ./node account new
INFO [09-27|09:40:38.644] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 total=50
INFO [09-27|09:40:38.645] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Password:
Repeat password:

Your new key was generated

Public address of the key:   0x51C4d2FeEBBAd01c2202d7CE772de1D953571201
Path of the secret key file: node/keystore/UTC--2024-09-27T01-40-44.544853516Z--51c4d2feebbad01c2202d7ce772de1d953571201

- You can share your public address with anyone. Others need it to interact with you.
- You must NEVER share the secret key with anyone! The key controls access to your funds!
- You must BACKUP your key file! Without the key, it's impossible to access account funds!
- You must REMEMBER your password! Without the password, it's impossible to decrypt the key!

# account 2
$ geth --datadir ./node account new
INFO [09-27|09:41:29.078] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 total=50
INFO [09-27|09:41:29.079] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Password:
Repeat password:

Your new key was generated

Public address of the key:   0x19Eac074dba9BBa2Eb97FFE7BBA80A9E9E83EcBe
Path of the secret key file: node/keystore/UTC--2024-09-27T01-41-34.412585202Z--19eac074dba9bba2eb97ffe7bba80a9e9e83ecbe

- You can share your public address with anyone. Others need it to interact with you.
- You must NEVER share the secret key with anyone! The key controls access to your funds!
- You must BACKUP your key file! Without the key, it's impossible to access account funds!
- You must REMEMBER your password! Without the password, it's impossible to decrypt the key!

{
    "config": {
        "chainId": 377777,
        "homesteadBlock": 0,
        "eip150Block": 0,
        "eip155Block": 0,
        "eip158Block": 0,
        "byzantiumBlock": 0,
        "constantinopleBlock": 0,
        "petersburgBlock": 0,
        "istanbulBlock": 0,
        "berlinBlock": 0,
        "clique": {
            "period": 5,
            "epoch": 30000
        }
    },
    "difficulty": "1",
    "gasLimit": "8000000",
    "extradata": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000051C4d2FeEBBAd01c2202d7CE772de1D95357120119Eac074dba9BBa2Eb97FFE7BBA80A9E9E83EcBe0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "alloc": {
        "51C4d2FeEBBAd01c2202d7CE772de1D953571201": {
            "balance": "100000000000000000000"
        },
        "19Eac074dba9BBa2Eb97FFE7BBA80A9E9E83EcBe": {
            "balance": "100000000000000000000"
        }
    }
}

$ geth --datadir ./node init ./genesis.json

# networkid 是genesis.json中指定的chainId
$ geth --datadir ./node --networkid 377777 

$ geth attach ./node/geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.13.15-stable-c5ba367e/linux-amd64/go1.22.7
at block: 1 (Fri Sep 27 2024 10:01:07 GMT+0800 (CST))
 datadir: /root/vscode/ethereum/node
 modules: admin:1.0 clique:1.0 debug:1.0 engine:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

To exit, press ctrl-d or type exit
# 获取最新区块高度
> eth.blockNumber
1
# 获取最新区块信息
> eth.getBlock('latest')
{
  difficulty: 2,
  extraData: "0xd883010d0f846765746888676f312e32312e39856c696e757800000000000000ebcda637df33928e4ce34051f777ccac21c643a8dcd1984b019984af41d99d5c41ff73559c837b0204c7764c71d8b5b49ecf63a555ee127e3d0cc86673d3214100",
  gasLimit: 8007811,
  gasUsed: 0,
  hash: "0xe4c14eb995dbcc9652a53fa8d47402dead30fa82af57b11399f9db23b06ab78b",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  nonce: "0x0000000000000000",
  number: 1,
  parentHash: "0xb2ad7555b68d5c1e334d44033ef78c869fa4248a64a976a172318126a3db55a7",
  receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 606,
  stateRoot: "0xc5f02ccb91cfbde9f92912bb02aac9b2601e9a6e41ea9335343fa1991d277a5a",
  timestamp: 1727402467,
  totalDifficulty: 3,
  transactions: [],
  transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  uncles: []
}
# 获取账户余额
> eth.getBalance("0x51C4d2FeEBBAd01c2202d7CE772de1D953571201")
100000000000000000000
> eth.getBalance("0x19Eac074dba9BBa2Eb97FFE7BBA80A9E9E83EcBe")
100000000000000000000
# 获取账户列表
> eth.accounts
["0x51c4d2feebbad01c2202d7ce772de1d953571201", "0x19eac074dba9bba2eb97ffe7bba80a9e9e83ecbe"]

# 获取最新区块高度，result 为十六进制字符串
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' http://localhost:8545
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0x1"}
# 获取账户余额
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getBalance","params":["0x19Eac074dba9BBa2Eb97FFE7BBA80A9E9E83EcBe","latest"],"id":1}' http://localhost:8545
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0x56bc75e2d63100000"}