ubuntu 系统声音静音问题

何其不顾四月天

发布于 2023-03-10 13:07:30

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发布于 2023-03-10 13:07:30

文章被收录于专栏：四月天的专栏

ubuntu 系统声音静音问题

在硬件设备中发现了系统声音重启被静音的问题，导致设备声音不可用。Bug情况暂未复现。无法从根本解决问题。只能想一个临时的问题。记录一下，临时的解决方案。主要还是通过 gnome-control-center 、pactl、amixer来解决。

gnome-control-center

gnome-control-center list
gnome-control-center -v
gnome-control-center sound -v

gnome-control-center主要来定位具体的音频设备。上述命令在实际操作中，会打开 Debug模式，输出panel和key,等一些详细信息。每一步，点击了什么按钮以及做过什么设置都有详细的日志。

上文的日志是通过gnome-control-center sound -v来打印的。

Log

(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: The canonical name for 'input:analog-stereo' is 'input:analog-stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Adding profile to combobox: 'input:analog-stereo' - 'Analog Stereo Input'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: The canonical name for 'input:analog-stereo' is 'input:analog-stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Add input ui entry with id :9
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: create_ui_device_from_port, direction 0, description 'Microphone', origin 'OrbiCam', port available 1
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=1 name='Login Session 4'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=2 name='GNOME Shell'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=3 name='GNOME Shell Volume Control'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=9 name='XSMP Session on gnome-session as 10ae70087fe8582620163539954145314500000013770055'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=10 name='GNOME Volume Control Media Keys'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=20 name='Login Session 319'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=21 name='Login Session 320'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating client: index=45 name='GNOME Volume Control Dialog'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Updating sink: index=0 name='alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo' description='Built-in Audio Analog Stereo' map='front-left,front-right'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: update sink - is new
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Attempt to match_stream update_with_existing_outputs - Try description : 'Line Out', origin : 'Built-in Audio', device port name : 'analog-output-lineout', card : 0x55db708bb890, AGAINST stream port: 'analog-output-lineout', sink card id 0
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: Match device with stream: We have a match with description: 'Line Out', origin: 'Built-in Audio', cached already with device id 6, so set stream id to 1
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: gvc-mixer-output-set-property - sink/source id: 1

(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: lookup-device-from-stream found device: device description 'Line Out', device port = 'analog-output-lineout', device stream id 1 AND stream port = 'analog-output-lineout' stream id '1' and stream description 'Built-in Audio Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: gvc_mixer_control_lookup_device_from_stream - Could not find a device for stream 'Built-in Audio Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: active_sink change
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.987: active output update device id = 6
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.988: Updating output settings
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.988: Volume changed (for Balance bar)
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Matching profile for 'output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo' is 'output:analog-stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Updating source: index=0 name='alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo.monitor' description='Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Updating source: index=1 name='alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo' description='Built-in Audio Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: update source
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Attempt to match_stream update_with_existing_outputs - Try description : 'Microphone', origin : 'OrbiCam', device port name : 'analog-input-mic', card : 0x55db70aaae10, AGAINST stream port: 'analog-input-mic', sink card id 0
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Attempt to match_stream update_with_existing_outputs - Try description : 'Digital Input (S/PDIF)', origin : 'OrbiCam', device port name : 'iec958-stereo-input', card : 0x55db70aaae10, AGAINST stream port: 'analog-input-mic', sink card id 0
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Attempt to match_stream update_with_existing_outputs - Try description : 'Microphone', origin : 'Built-in Audio', device port name : 'analog-input-mic', card : 0x55db708bb890, AGAINST stream port: 'analog-input-mic', sink card id 0
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Match device with stream: We have a match with description: 'Microphone', origin: 'Built-in Audio', cached already with device id 7, so set stream id to 2
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: gvc-mixer-output-set-property - sink/source id: 2

(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Updating source: index=3 name='alsa_input.usb-046d_HD_Pro_Webcam_C920_49FF4DDF-02.analog-stereo' description='OrbiCam Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: update source
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Attempt to match_stream update_with_existing_outputs - Try description : 'Microphone', origin : 'OrbiCam', device port name : 'analog-input-mic', card : 0x55db70aaae10, AGAINST stream port: 'analog-input-mic', sink card id 2
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Match device with stream: We have a match with description: 'Microphone', origin: 'OrbiCam', cached already with device id 9, so set stream id to 3
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: gvc-mixer-output-set-property - sink/source id: 3

(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: lookup-device-from-stream found device: device description 'Microphone', device port = 'analog-input-mic', device stream id 3 AND stream port = 'analog-input-mic' stream id '3' and stream description 'OrbiCam Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: gvc_mixer_control_lookup_device_from_stream - Could not find a device for stream 'OrbiCam Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: active_input_update device id = 9
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Updating input settings
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.991: Create monitor for 3
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:25:53.992: Adding effects stream
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:54.260: Updating source: index=3 name='alsa_input.usb-046d_HD_Pro_Webcam_C920_49FF4DDF-02.analog-stereo' description='OrbiCam Analog Stereo'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:54.260: update source
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:54.260: Updating source output: index=12 name='Peak detect' client=45 source=3
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:25:58.286: Updating sink: index=0 name='alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo' description='Built-in Audio Analog Stereo' map='front-left,front-right'
(gnome-control-center:16210): sound-cc-panel-DEBUG: 16:26:00.482: Setting stream volume 65536,000000 (rounded: 65536,000000) for bar '_Output volume:'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:26:00.485: Updating sink: index=0 name='alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo' description='Built-in Audio Analog Stereo' map='front-left,front-right'
(gnome-control-center:16210): Gvc-DEBUG: 16:26:01.819: Updating sink: index=0 name='alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo' description='Built-in Audio Analog Stereo' map='front-left,front-right'

通过上述日志定位到 alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo设备，下述就是进行相关设置。

pactl

命令相关简介;

~# pactl --help
pactl [options] stat
pactl [options] info
pactl [options] list [short] [TYPE]
pactl [options] exit
pactl [options] upload-sample FILENAME [NAME]
pactl [options] play-sample  NAME [SINK]
pactl [options] remove-sample  NAME
pactl [options] load-module  NAME [ARGS ...]
pactl [options] unload-module  NAME|#N
pactl [options] move-(sink-input|source-output) #N SINK|SOURCE
pactl [options] suspend-(sink|source) NAME|#N 1|0
pactl [options] set-card-profile  CARD PROFILE
pactl [options] set-default-(sink|source) NAME
pactl [options] set-(sink|source)-port NAME|#N PORT
pactl [options] set-(sink|source)-volume NAME|#N VOLUME [VOLUME ...]
pactl [options] set-(sink-input|source-output)-volume #N VOLUME [VOLUME ...]
pactl [options] set-(sink|source)-mute NAME|#N 1|0|toggle
pactl [options] set-(sink-input|source-output)-mute #N 1|0|toggle
pactl [options] set-sink-formats #N FORMATS
pactl [options] set-port-latency-offset CARD-NAME|CARD-#N PORT OFFSET
pactl [options] subscribe

The special names @DEFAULT_SINK@, @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ and @DEFAULT_MONITOR@
can be used to specify the default sink, source and monitor.

  -h, --help                            Show this help
      --version                         Show version

  -s, --server=SERVER                   The name of the server to connect to
  -n, --client-name=NAME                How to call this client on the server

定位音频设备以及音频设备相关信息：

在上述相关命令中，发现关于 mute即静音相关命令是，pactl [options] set-(sink|source)-mute NAME|#N 1|0|toggle 发现有两类设备。音频设备为sink类的。获取设备列表

pactl list sinks |grep 'alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo'

输出结果;

xcb_connection_has_error() returned true
Sink #0
	State: SUSPENDED
	Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo
	Description: Built-in Audio Analog Stereo
	Driver: module-alsa-card.c
	Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
	Channel Map: front-left,front-right
	Owner Module: 7
	Mute: yes
	Volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB,   front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
	        balance 0,00
	Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
	Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo.monitor
	Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
	Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY 
	Properties:
		alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
		device.api = "alsa"
		device.class = "sound"
		alsa.class = "generic"
		alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
		alsa.name = "ALC892 Analog"
		alsa.id = "ALC892 Analog"
		alsa.subdevice = "0"
		alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
		alsa.device = "0"
		alsa.card = "0"
		alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
		alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xdf120000 irq 128"
		alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
		device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3"
		sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0"
		device.bus = "pci"
		device.vendor.id = "8086"
		device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
		device.product.id = "a2f0"
		device.product.name = "200 Series PCH HD Audio"
		device.form_factor = "internal"
		device.string = "front:0"
		device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
		device.buffering.fragment_size = "32768"
		device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
		device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
		device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
		device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
		alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC892"
		alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0892,10ec0892,00100302 HDA:8086280b,80860101,00100000"
		module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
		device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
	Ports:
		analog-output-lineout: Line Out (priority: 9900)
	Active Port: analog-output-lineout
	Formats:
		pcm

其中 sink #0 和 Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo，过滤到之后，0为sink id。

随后利用命令进行相关设置。

pactl set-sink-mute 0 0 #取消静音
pactl set-sink-mute 0 1 #静音
pactl set-sink-mute 0 toggle #取反。静音状态取消静音，非静音设置为静音

amixer

amixer与pactl功能类似，amixer主要设置音频相关设备，pactl还可以设置其他类型设备，比如显卡等。

命令帮助；

~# amixer --help
Usage: amixer <options> [command]

Available options:
  -h,--help       this help
  -c,--card N     select the card
  -D,--device N   select the device, default 'default'
  -d,--debug      debug mode
  -n,--nocheck    do not perform range checking
  -v,--version    print version of this program
  -q,--quiet      be quiet
  -i,--inactive   show also inactive controls
  -a,--abstract L select abstraction level (none or basic)
  -s,--stdin      Read and execute commands from stdin sequentially
  -R,--raw-volume Use the raw value (default)
  -M,--mapped-volume Use the mapped volume

Available commands:
  scontrols       show all mixer simple controls
  scontents	  show contents of all mixer simple controls (default command)
  sset sID P      set contents for one mixer simple control
  sget sID        get contents for one mixer simple control
  controls        show all controls for given card
  contents        show contents of all controls for given card
  cset cID P      set control contents for one control
  cget cID        get control contents for one control

查看设备列表；

#amixer scontrols

Simple mixer control 'Master',0
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',1
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',2
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',3
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',4
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
Simple mixer control 'Loopback Mixing',0

查看设备状态详细信息：

amixer scontents

Simple mixer control 'Master',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 64
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 64 [100%] [0.00dB] [off] #off 表示为静音
  Front Right: Playback 64 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
  Capabilities: pvolume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 255
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 31
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off]
  Front Right: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 3
  Front Left: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
  Front Right: 0 [0%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',1
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',2
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',3
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',4
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
  Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Capture 0 - 46
  Front Left: Capture 28 [61%] [12.00dB] [on]
  Front Right: Capture 28 [61%] [12.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Loopback Mixing',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'Disabled' 'Enabled'
  Item0: 'Disabled'

设置静音

amixer -D pulse sset Master off|on|toggle|value

取消静音

amixer -D pulse sset Master on

xcb_connection_has_error() returned true
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 65536
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 1 [0%] [on]
  Front Right: Playback 1 [0%] [on]

注意：声音打开之后，音量值为0%,等同于静音。

静音

amixer -D pulse sset Master off

xcb_connection_has_error() returned true
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 65536
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 1 [0%] [off]
  Front Right: Playback 1 [0%] [off]

设置其他音量

amixer -D pulse sset Master 100%

xcb_connection_has_error() returned true
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 65536
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 65536 [100%] [on]
  Front Right: Playback 65536 [100%] [on]