在Ubuntu20.04以Docker方式安装Mysql详细教程（支持外部连接，数据映射到物理磁盘，备份数据，导出数据，恢复数据）

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg

sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

echo \
  "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

sudo apt-get update


sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin


# 测试Docker是否成功运行
sudo docker run hello-world

mkdir /opt/mysql

# 存放mysql配置文件
mkdir /opt/mysql/conf.d
touch /opt/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf

[mysqld]
sql_mode = "NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

sudo chmod 644 /opt/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf

mkdir /opt/mysql/data

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql-8-1 --restart unless-stopped -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=******  -v /opt/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -v /opt/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  mysql:8.1

docker exec -it mysql-8-1 mysql -uroot -p

create user 'zhaoolee' identified with mysql_native_password by 'accountZhaooleePassword';

grant all privileges on *.* to 'zhaoolee';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 修改用户密码
USE mysql;
ALTER USER 'zhaoolee'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'accountZhaooleeNewPassword';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mkdir -p /opt/mysql/db_back_up

docker exec -it mysql-8-1 mysql -uroot -p

USE wp_v2fy;
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_database';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_database';

mysql> USE wp_v2fy;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_database';
+------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name          | Value   |
+------------------------+---------+
| character_set_database | utf8mb3 |
+------------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_database';
+--------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name      | Value              |
+--------------------+--------------------+
| collation_database | utf8mb3_general_ci |
+--------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DB_NAME="wp_v2fy"
TIME=$(date +"%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S")
OUTPUT_FILE="/opt/mysql/db_back_up/${TIME}_${DB_NAME}.sql"
EXEC_COMMAND="exec mysqldump $DB_NAME  -uzhaoolee -p'******'"

docker exec mysql-container sh -c "$EXEC_COMMAND" > "$OUTPUT_FILE"

docker exec -it mysql-8-1 mysql -uroot -p

CREATE DATABASE wp_v2fy CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci;

docker exec -i mysql-8-1 sh -c 'exec mysql -uroot -p"******" wp_v2fy' < /opt/mysql/db_back_up/2023_08_12_11_36_56_wp_v2fy.sql