LLM远不仅仅是Chat Model——LangChain基本概念与使用示例

from langchain.llms import OpenAI

llm = OpenAI(model_name="text-ada-001", openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_BASE_URL)

llm("What day comes after Friday?")
# '\n\nSaturday.'

from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.schema import HumanMessage, SystemMessage

chat = ChatOpenAI(model_name="gpt-4-0613", temperature=1, openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_BASE_URL)
chat(
    [
        SystemMessage(content="You are an expert on large language models and can answer any questions related to large language models."),
        HumanMessage(content="What’s the difference between Generic Language Models, Instruction Tuned Models and Dialog Tuned Models")
    ]
)

# AIMessage(content='Generic Language Models, Instruction-Tuned Models, and Dialog-Tuned Models are all various types of language models that have been trained according to different datasets and methodologies. They are used in different contexts according to their specific strengths. \n\n1. **Generic Language Models**: These models are trained on a broad range of internet text. They are typically not tuned to specific tasks and thus can be used across a wide variety of applications. GPT-3, used by OpenAI, is an example of a general language model.\n\n2. **Instruction-Tuned Models**: These are language models that are fine-tuned specifically to follow instructions given in a prompt. They are trained using a procedure called Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), following an initial supervised fine-tuning which consists of human AI trainers providing conversations where they play both the user and an AI assistant. This model often includes comparison data - two or more model responses are ranked by quality.\n\n3. **Dialog-Tuned Models**: Like Instruction-Tuned Models, these models are also trained with reinforcement learning from human feedback, and especially shine in multi-turn conversations. However, these are specifically designed for dialog scenarios, resulting in an ability to maintain more coherent and context-aware conversations. \n\nIn essence, the difference among the three revolves around the breadth of their training and their specific use-cases. Generic Language Models are broad but may lack specificity; Instruction-Tuned Models are better at following specific instructions given in prompts; and Dialog-Tuned Models excel in carrying out more coherent and elongated dialogues.', additional_kwargs={}, example=False)

from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_BASE_URL)
text_embedding = embeddings.embed_query("To embed text(it can have any length)")
print (f"Your embedding's length: {len(text_embedding)}")
print (f"Here's a sample: {text_embedding[:5]}...")

'''
Your embedding's length: 1536
Here's a sample: [-0.03194352, 0.009228715, 0.00807182, 0.0077545005, 0.008256923]...
'''

from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI

llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.5, model_name="gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613", openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_BASE_URL)
template = """
## Input
{text}

## Instruction
Please summarize the piece of text in the input part above.
Respond in a manner that a 5 year old would understand.

{format_instructions}

YOUR RESPONSE:
"""

# 创建一个Output Parser，包含两个输出字段，并指定类型和说明
output_parser = StructuredOutputParser.from_response_schemas(
    [
        ResponseSchema(name="keywords", type="list", description="keywords of the text"),
        ResponseSchema(name="summary", type="string", description="summary of the text"),
    ]
)
# 创建Prompt Template，并将format_instructions通过partial_variables直接指定为Output Parser的format
prompt = PromptTemplate(
    input_variables=["text"],
    template=template,
    partial_variables={"format_instructions": output_parser.get_format_instructions()},
)
# 创建Chain并绑定Prompt Template和Output Parser(它将自动使用Output Parser解析llm输出)
summarize_chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, verbose=True, prompt=prompt, output_parser=output_parser)

to_summarize_text = 'Abstract. Text-to-SQL aims at generating SQL queries for the given natural language questions and thus helping users to query databases. Prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a recent approach, which designs prompts to lead LLMs to understand the input question and generate the corresponding SQL. However, it faces challenges with strict SQL syntax requirements. Existing work prompts the LLMs with a list of demonstration examples (i.e. question-SQL pairs) to generate SQL, but the fixed prompts can hardly handle the scenario where the semantic gap between the retrieved demonstration and the input question is large.'
output = summarize_chain.predict(text=to_summarize_text)

import json
print (json.dumps(output, indent=4))

{
    "keywords": [
        "Text-to-SQL",
        "SQL queries",
        "natural language questions",
        "databases",
        "prompt learning",
        "large language models",
        "LLMs",
        "SQL syntax requirements",
        "demonstration examples",
        "semantic gap"
    ],
    "summary": "Text-to-SQL is a method that helps users generate SQL queries for their questions about databases. One approach is to use large language models to understand the question and generate the SQL. However, this approach faces challenges with strict SQL syntax rules. Existing methods use examples to teach the language models, but they struggle when the examples are very different from the question."
}

from langchain.document_loaders import NotionDBLoader
from getpass import getpass

# getpass()指引用户输入密钥
NOTION_TOKEN = getpass()
DATABASE_ID = getpass()

loader = NotionDBLoader(
    integration_token=NOTION_TOKEN,
    database_id=DATABASE_ID,
    request_timeout_sec=30,  # optional, defaults to 10
)
# 请求详情见 https://developers.notion.com/reference/post-database-query
docs = loader.load()
docs[0].page_content[:100]

from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS
from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA
from langchain.document_loaders import TextLoader
from langchain.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

# 初始化LLM
llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.5, model_name="gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613", openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_PROXY_URL)

# 加载文档
loader = TextLoader('path/to/related/document')
doc = loader.load()
print (f"You have {len(doc)} document")

print (f"You have {len(doc[0].page_content)} characters in that document")

# 分割字符串
text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=3000, chunk_overlap=400)
docs = text_splitter.split_documents(doc)
num_total_characters = sum([len(x.page_content) for x in docs])
print (f"Now you have {len(docs)} documents that have an average of {num_total_characters / len(docs):,.0f} characters (smaller pieces)")

# 初始化向量化模型
embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_PROXY_URL)

# 向量化Document并存入向量数据库（绑定向量和对应Document元数据），这里我们选择本地最常用的FAISS数据库
# 注意: 这会向OpenAI产生请求并产生费用
doc_search = FAISS.from_documents(docs, embeddings)

qa = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=llm, chain_type="stuff", retriever=doc_search.as_retriever(), verbose=True)
query = "Specific questions to be asked"
qa.run(query)

from langchain.chains.router import MultiPromptChain
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.chains import ConversationChain
from langchain.chains.llm import LLMChain
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate
from langchain.chains.router.llm_router import LLMRouterChain, RouterOutputParser
from langchain.chains.router.multi_prompt_prompt import MULTI_PROMPT_ROUTER_TEMPLATE

# 定义要路由的prompts
physics_template = """You are a very smart physics professor. \
You are great at answering questions about physics in a concise and easy to understand manner. \
When you don't know the answer to a question you admit that you don't know.

Here is a question:
{input}"""

math_template = """You are a very good mathematician. You are great at answering math questions. \
You are so good because you are able to break down hard problems into their component parts, \
answer the component parts, and then put them together to answer the broader question.

Here is a question:
{input}"""

# 整理prompt和相关信息
prompt_infos = [
    {
        "name": "physics",
        "description": "Good for answering questions about physics",
        "prompt_template": physics_template,
    },
    {
        "name": "math",
        "description": "Good for answering math questions",
        "prompt_template": math_template,
    },
]

llm = OpenAI(temperature=0.5, openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_PROXY_URL+"/v1")
destination_chains = {}
for p_info in prompt_infos:
    # 以每个prompt为基础创建一个destination_chain(开启verbose)
    name = p_info["name"]
    prompt_template = p_info["prompt_template"]
    prompt = PromptTemplate(template=prompt_template, input_variables=["input"])
    chain = LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=prompt)
    destination_chains[name] = chain
# 创建一个缺省chain，如果没有其他chain满足路由条件，则使用该chain
default_chain = ConversationChain(llm=llm, output_key="text")

destinations = [f"{p['name']}: {p['description']}" for p in prompt_infos]
destinations_str = "\n".join(destinations)
# 根据prompt_infos中的映射关系创建router_prompt
router_template = MULTI_PROMPT_ROUTER_TEMPLATE.format(destinations=destinations_str)
router_prompt = PromptTemplate(
    template=router_template,
    input_variables=["input"],
    output_parser=RouterOutputParser(),
)
# 创建router_chain(开启verbose)
router_chain = LLMRouterChain(llm_chain=LLMChain(llm=llm, prompt=router_prompt, verbose=True), verbose=True)

# 将router_chain和destination_chains以及default_chain组合成MultiPromptChain(开启verbose)
chain = MultiPromptChain(
    router_chain=router_chain,
    destination_chains=destination_chains,
    default_chain=default_chain,
    verbose=True,
)
# run
chain.run("What is black body radiation?")

from langchain.chains import ConversationChain
from langchain.memory import ConversationSummaryBufferMemory
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.schema import SystemMessage, AIMessage, HumanMessage
from langchain.memory.prompt import SUMMARY_PROMPT
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate

llm = OpenAI(temperature=0.7, openai_api_key=OPENAI_API_KEY, openai_api_base=OPENAI_PROXY_URL+"/v1")
# ConversationSummaryBufferMemory默认使用langchain.memory.prompt.SUMMARY_PROMPT作为summary的PromptTemplate
# 如果对它summary的格式/内容有特殊要求，可以自定义PromptTemplate（实测默认的summary有些流水账）
prompt_template_str = """
## Instruction
Progressively summarize the lines of conversation provided, adding onto the previous summary returning a new concise and detailed summary.
Don't repeat the conversation directly in the summary, extract key information instead.

## EXAMPLE
Current summary:
The human asks what the AI thinks of artificial intelligence. The AI thinks artificial intelligence is a force for good.

New lines of conversation:
Human: Why do you think artificial intelligence is a force for good?
AI: Because artificial intelligence will help humans reach their full potential.

New summary:
The human inquires about the AI's opinion on artificial intelligence. The AI believes that it is a force for good as it can help humans reach their full potential.

## Current summary
{summary}

## New lines of conversation
{new_lines}

## New summary

"""
prompt = PromptTemplate(
    input_variables=SUMMARY_PROMPT.input_variables, # input_variables为SUMMARY_PROMPT中的input_variables不变
    template=prompt_template_str, # template替换为上面重新编写的prompt_template_str
)
memory = ConversationSummaryBufferMemory(llm=llm, prompt=prompt, max_token_limit=60)
# 添加历史memory，其中第一条SystemMessage为历史对话中Summary的内容，第二条HumanMessage和第三条AIMessage为历史对话中最后的对话内容
memory.chat_memory.add_message(SystemMessage(content="The human asks what the AI thinks of artificial intelligence. The AI thinks artificial intelligence is a force for good because it will help humans reach their full potential. The human then asks the difference between python and golang in short. The AI responds that python is a high-level interpreted language with an emphasis on readability and code readability, while golang is a statically typed compiled language with a focus on concurrency and performance. Python is typically used for general-purpose programming, while golang is often used for building distributed systems."))
memory.chat_memory.add_user_message("Then if I want to build a distributed system, which language should I choose?")
memory.chat_memory.add_ai_message("If you want to build a distributed system, I would recommend golang as it is a statically typed compiled language that is designed to facilitate concurrency and performance.")
# 调用memory.prune()确保chat_memory中的对话内容不超过max_token_limit
memory.prune()
conversation_with_summary = ConversationChain(
    llm=llm,
    # We set a very low max_token_limit for the purposes of testing.
    memory=memory,
    verbose=True,
)
# memory.prune()会在每次调用predict()后自动执行
conversation_with_summary.predict(input="Is there any well-known distributed system built with golang?")
conversation_with_summary.predict(input="Is there a substitutes for Kubernetes in python?")