[Java面试题]Java字符串比较面试题详解

九转成圣

发布于 2024-04-10 17:06:24

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代码可运行

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代码可运行

字符串比较

通过字面量赋值创建字符串（如：String s=”hi”），会先在常量池中查找是否存在相同的字符串，若存在，则直接指向该字符串；若不存在，则在常量池中生成一个字符串，再将引用指向该字符串。

通过new String创建字符串,在堆上创建一个,同时在常量池创建一个值相同的对象,但是这两个对象互不相干,如果常量池里已经有了同样的值的对象,只会在堆里新建对象

常量字符串和变量拼接时或者变量与变量拼接时会调用stringBuilder.append()在堆上创建新的对象,而不会同时在常量池里新建对象

String s = new String("a") + new String("b");

约等于

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("a").append("b");
// toString()只会在堆上创建对象("ab"),new String("ab") 会在堆上和常量池都创建
String s = sb.toString();

调用字符串对象的 intern() 方法时,intern方法会先去常量池找,如果存在,指向常量池中的,如果不存在,在常量池中生成一个对原字符串的引用

字面量+字面量在编译期间就优化成了常量

String s = new String("a") + new String("b");
String intern = s.intern();
System.out.println(s == intern);// true

String str1 = "哈哈";
String str2 = str1 + "呵呵";
String str3 = "哈哈呵呵";
System.out.println(str2 == str3);// false

String s1 = "abc";
String s2 = "a";
String s3 = "bc";
String s4 = s2 + s3;
System.out.println(s1 == s4);// false

注意这个与上一个对比

String s1 = "abc";
final String s2 = "a";
final String s3 = "bc";
String s4 = s2 + s3;
// 因为final变量在编译后会直接替换成对应的值，所以实际上等于s4=”a”+”bc”，而这种情况下，编译器会直接合并为s4=”abc”
System.out.println(s1 == s4);//true

String s = new String("abc");
String s1 = "abc";
String s2 = new String("abc");
System.out.println(s == s1.intern());// false
System.out.println(s == s2.intern());// false
System.out.println(s1 == s2.intern());// true

String a = "a";
String b = "b";
String ab = a+b;
String ab2 = a+b;
String Iab = ab.intern();
String Iab2 = ab2.intern();
// ab与ab2都在堆里
System.out.println(ab==ab2);// false
// 常量池中没有"ab"即String ab = a+b;也等价于sb.append("a").append("b");
System.out.println(Iab==ab);// true
System.out.println(Iab2==ab);// true

你到底懂了吗

public class StringDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        m7();
    }

    private static void m1() {
        String a = "a";
        String b = "b";
        String s = a + b;
        String intern = s.intern();
        System.out.println(s == intern);
    }

    private static void m2() {
        String s = new String("a") + new String("b");
        String intern = s.intern();
        System.out.println(s == intern);
    }

    private static void m3() {
        String a = "a";
        String ab1 = a + "b";
        String ab2 = "ab";
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab2);
    }

    private static void m4() {
        String a = "a";
        String b = "b";
        String ab1 = a + b;
        String ab2 = "ab";
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab2);
    }

    private static void m5() {
        final String a = "a";
        String ab1 = a + "b";
        String ab2 = "ab";
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab2);
    }

    private static void m6() {
        String ab1 = "ab";
        String ab2 = new String("ab");
        String ab3 = new String("ab");
        System.out.println(ab2 == ab1.intern());
        System.out.println(ab2 == ab3.intern());
        System.out.println(ab2.intern() == ab3.intern());
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab3.intern());
    }

    private static void m7() {
        String a = "a";
        String b = "b";
        String ab1 = a + b;
        String ab2 = a + b;
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab2);
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab1.intern());
        System.out.println(ab2 == ab2.intern());
        System.out.println(ab1 == ab2.intern());
        System.out.println(ab1.intern() == ab2.intern());
    }

}