在Java中实现异步回调并将结果返回给前端,通常是在Web应用开发中处理耗时操作时所采用的技术手段,以避免阻塞HTTP请求线程并提高用户体验。以下是一个简单的例子,说明如何通过Spring WebFlux或者Servlet 3.0及以上标准的异步API配合JSON响应的方式实现这一目标。
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
@RestController
public class AsyncController {
@GetMapping("/asyncTask")
public Mono<String> asyncTask(@RequestParam("taskId") String taskId) {
return doAsyncTask(taskId).map(result -> {
// 这里假设doAsyncTask返回Mono对象,当异步任务完成时会填充结果
return ResponseEntity.ok().body(result);
});
}
private Mono<YourResultType> doAsyncTask(String taskId) {
return Mono.create(sink -> {
// 创建一个异步任务,在完成后回调
someService.doSomethingAsync(taskId, new SomeCallback(sink));
});
}
class SomeCallback implements AsyncCallback<YourResultType> {
private final MonoSink<YourResultType> sink;
public SomeCallback(MonoSink<YourResultType> sink) {
this.sink = sink;
}
@Override
public void onResult(YourResultType result) {
// 当异步任务完成时,通过sink.success()传递结果
sink.success(result);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable error) {
// 如果发生错误,通过sink.error()传递异常
sink.error(error);
}
}
}
// 假设`YourResultType`是你异步任务的结果类型
import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/asyncTask", asyncSupported = true)
public class AsyncServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
final AsyncContext asyncContext = request.startAsync();
Thread taskRunner = new Thread(() -> {
YourResultType result;
try {
// 执行异步任务
result = someService.doSomethingAsync(request.getParameter("taskId"));
} catch (Exception e) {
handleError(asyncContext, e);
return;
}
// 将结果写回响应并结束异步上下文
writeResponse(asyncContext, result);
});
taskRunner.start();
}
private void writeResponse(AsyncContext asyncContext, YourResultType result) {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) asyncContext.getResponse();
try {
response.setContentType("application/json");
response.getWriter().write(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result));
asyncContext.complete();
} catch (IOException e) {
handleError(asyncContext, e);
}
}
private void handleError(AsyncContext asyncContext, Throwable error) {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) asyncContext.getResponse();
try {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
response.getWriter().write(error.getMessage());
asyncContext.complete();
} catch (IOException e) {
// 处理写入错误...
}
}
}
在这两个示例中,核心思想都是启动一个异步任务,然后在任务完成后通过某种机制(如Reactor的MonoSink或Servlet的AsyncContext)将结果返回给前端。前端可以通过AJAX请求获取异步任务的结果,并根据返回的状态进行相应的处理,如展示数据或更新UI。