贪吃蛇游戏（代码篇）

风中的云彩

发布于 2024-11-07 21:50:20

810

发布于 2024-11-07 21:50:20

文章被收录于专栏：C/C++的自学之路

我们并不是为了满足别人的期待而活着。

前言

这是我自己做的第五个小项目---贪吃蛇游戏（代码篇）。后期我会继续制作其他小项目并开源至博客上。 上一小项目是贪吃蛇游戏（必备知识篇），没看过的同学可以去看看： 有关贪吃蛇必备知识的小项目

实现代码

1. 下面代码直接复制即可运行。 2. 每个代码块都有简洁的总结和解释。

<snake.h>文件

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#define KEY_PRESS(VK) ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK)&0x1) ? 1 : 0) //设置键值
#define POS_X 24 //蛇初始位置
#define POS_Y 5 //蛇初始位置

//节点类型
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	//节点的坐标
	int x;
	int y;
	//指向下一个节点的指针
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode;
typedef struct SnakeNode*  pSnakeNode;

//贪吃蛇的信息
typedef struct Snake
{
	pSnakeNode _pSnake;//贪吃蛇的身体节点
	pSnakeNode _pFood;//食物节点
	enum Direction _dir;//贪吃蛇的方向
	enum Game_Statues _status;//贪吃蛇的状态
	int _food_weight;//一个食物的分数
	int _score;//总分数
	int _sleep_time;//休息时间，即贪吃蛇的速度
}Snake;
typedef struct Snake* pSnake;

//方向
enum Direction
{
	UP,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};

//状态
enum Game_Status
{
	OK,
	KILL_BY_WALL,
	KILL_BY_SELF,
	END_NORMAL
};

//游戏开始
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//欢迎函数
void WelcomeToGame();
//定位坐标
void SetPos(int x, int y);
//打印地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创造食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//游戏运行
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//暂停设置
void Pause();
//实现贪吃蛇的移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//判断是否吃到食物
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//实现贪吃蛇吃食物并增长蛇身
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//吃到食物后使食物消失
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//被墙杀死
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//被自己杀死
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

<snake.c>文件

#include "snake.h"
//游戏开始
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
	//设置窗口
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");//调整CMD行与列
	system("title 贪吃蛇");//修改CMD的标题

	//获取标准输出的句柄，存放在houtput中。
	HANDLE houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) // 处理错误，例如输出错误信息
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get standard output handle.\n");
		return;
	}

	//创建一个CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO的结构体
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
	if (!GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo)) // 处理错误，例如输出错误信息
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get console cursor info.\n");
		return;
	}

	//隐藏控制台光标
	CursorInfo.bVisible = false; 
	if (!SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo)) // 处理错误，例如输出错误信息
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set console cursor info.\n");
		return;
	}
	
	//欢迎函数
	WelcomeToGame();
	//打印地图
	CreateMap();
	//初始化贪吃蛇
	InitSnake(ps);
	//设置食物的位置
	CreateFood(ps);
}

//欢迎函数
void WelcomeToGame()
{
	SetPos(32, 13);
	printf("Welcome to the Classic Snake Game!");
	SetPos(39, 22);
	system("pause");//打印完一个界面后直接暂停，直到点击继续
	system("cls");//在清空界面，打印新的一个界面
	SetPos(30, 13);
	wprintf(L"Navigate the Snake using ↑ ↓ ← →.");
	SetPos(33, 15);
	wprintf(L"Accelerate to earn more points.");
	SetPos(38, 23);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

//定位坐标
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
	//获取标准输出的句柄，存放在houtput中
	HANDLE houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//设定我们想要定位的坐标
	COORD pos = { x,y };
	//将光标定位到pos2
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
}

//打印地图
void CreateMap()
{
	int i = 0;
	//打印上边界
	for (i = 0; i < 29; i++)
	{
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	//打印下边界
	SetPos(0, 26);
	for (i=0; i < 29; i++)
	{
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	//打印左边界
	for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(0, i);
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	//打印右边界
	for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(56, i);
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
}

//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)//开始贪吃蛇一共设置五个长度
	{
		pSnakeNode  cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			perror("InitSnake error");
			exit(1);
		}
		cur->next = NULL;
		cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
		cur->y = POS_Y;
		//头插法
		if (ps->_pSnake == NULL)
		{
			ps->_pSnake = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			cur->next = ps->_pSnake;
			ps->_pSnake = cur;
		}
	}
	pSnakeNode  cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur != NULL)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"●");
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//设置贪吃蛇的属性
	ps->_dir = RIGHT;
	ps->_score = 0;
	ps->_food_weight = 10;
	ps->_sleep_time = 200;
	ps->_status = OK;
}

//设置食物的位置
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
	int x;
	int y;
again:
	do
	{
		x = (rand()) % 53 + 2;
		y = (rand()) % 25 + 1;
	} while (x % 2 != 0);
	//不能与蛇身冲突
	pSnakeNode  cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur != NULL)
	{
		if ((x == cur->x) && (y == cur->y))
		{
			goto again;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//创建食物节点
	pSnakeNode  pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pFood == NULL)
	{
		perror("CreateFood error");
		exit(1);
	}
	pFood->x = x;
	pFood->y = y;
	pFood->next = NULL;
	SetPos(x, y);
	wprintf(L"★");
	ps->_pFood = pFood;
}

//游戏运行
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
	//打印欢迎界面
	PrintHelpInfo();
	//游戏开始运行
	do
	{
		//显示分数
		SetPos(64, 7);
		printf("Current score: %d", ps->_score);
		SetPos(64, 8);
		printf("Current food score: %2d", ps->_food_weight);
		//判断玩家操作
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && (ps->_dir != UP))
		{
			ps->_dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && (ps->_dir != DOWN))
		{
			ps->_dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && (ps->_dir != LEFT))
		{
			ps->_dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && (ps->_dir != RIGHT))
		{
			ps->_dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			Pause();//暂停设置
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			ps->_status = END_NORMAL;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
		{
			if (ps->_sleep_time > 80)
			{
				ps->_sleep_time -= 30;
				ps->_food_weight += 2;
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
		{
			if (ps->_food_weight > 2)
			{
				ps->_sleep_time += 30;
				ps->_food_weight -= 2;
			}
		}
		//实现贪吃蛇的移动
		SnakeMove(ps);
		//通过短暂暂停来展现动态效果
		Sleep(ps->_sleep_time);
	} while (ps->_status == OK);
}

//打印欢迎界面
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
	SetPos(64, 10);
	wprintf(L"No wall passing. No self-biting.");
	SetPos(64, 12);
	wprintf(L"F3 to speed up. F4 to slow down.");
	SetPos(64, 14);
	wprintf(L"ESC to exit. Space to pause.");
	SetPos(74, 21);
	wprintf(L"Made by HSY,");
	SetPos(66, 22);
	wprintf(L"a uniquely independent pig.");
}

//暂停设置
void Pause()
{
	while (1)
	{
		Sleep(200);
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			break;
		}
	}
}

//实现贪吃蛇的移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode  pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pNextNode == NULL)
	{
		perror("SnakeMove error");
		exit(1);
	}
	switch (ps->_dir)
	{
	case UP:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;
		break;
	case DOWN:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;
		break;
	case LEFT:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
		break;
	case RIGHT:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
		break;
	}
	if (NextIsFood(pNextNode,ps))
	{
		EatFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	else
	{
		NoFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	KillByWall(ps);//被墙杀死
	KillBySelf(ps);//被自己杀死
}

//判断是否吃到食物
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	return (ps->_pFood->x == pn->x && ps->_pFood->y == pn->y);
}

//实现贪吃蛇吃食物并增长蛇身
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	ps->_pFood->next = ps->_pSnake;
	ps->_pSnake = ps->_pFood;
	free(pn);
	pn = NULL;
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur!=NULL)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"●");
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	ps->_score += ps->_food_weight;
	CreateFood(ps);
}

//吃到食物后使食物消失
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	pn->next = ps->_pSnake;
	ps->_pSnake = pn;
	pSnakeNode  cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur->next->next != NULL)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"●");
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
	printf("  ");
	free(cur->next);
	cur->next = NULL;
}

//被墙杀死
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
	if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 56 || ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 26)
	{
		ps->_status = KILL_BY_WALL;
	}
}

//被自己杀死
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->_pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->_pSnake->y)
		{
			ps->_status = KILL_BY_SELF;
			break;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}

//游戏结束
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
	//判断哪种结束方式
	switch (ps->_status)
	{
	case END_NORMAL:
		SetPos(17, 12);
		printf("You have ended the game.");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_WALL:
		SetPos(10, 12);
		printf("You ended the game by hitting a wall.");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_SELF:
		SetPos(10, 12);
		printf("You ended the game by self-collision.");
		break;
	}
	//清除贪吃蛇
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	pSnakeNode prev = NULL;
	while (cur)
	{
		prev = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(prev);
	}

}

<test.c>文件

#include "snake.h"
//游戏的主体进程
void test()
{
	char ch;
	do
	{
		system("cls");
		Snake snake = { 0 };
		GameStart(&snake);//游戏开始
		GameRun(&snake);//游戏运行
		GameEnd(&snake);//游戏结束
		SetPos(20, 15);//结束之后，询问是否再来一次
		printf("Play again? (Y/N)");
		ch = getchar();//用户输入一个字符并按回车后，实际上有两个字符进入了输入缓冲区：用户输入的字符和随后的换行符。第一个 getchar() 会读取用户输入的字符，而第二个 getchar() 则用来读取（并丢弃）换行符。
		getchar();
	} while (ch == 'Y'|| ch == 'y');
	SetPos(0, 28);//如果游戏结束，（为了美观）退出代码定位
}

//主函数
int main()
{
	//设置本地环境
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	//生成随机值
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	//测试游戏
	test();
	return 0;
}