在Windows平台上使用C++执行外部命令的两种方法

// 代码片段1（Method 1）
#include <array>
#include <cstdio>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

std::string exec(const char *cmd) {
  std::array<char, 128> buffer;
  std::string result;
  FILE *pipe = _popen(cmd, "r");

  if (!pipe) {
    throw std::runtime_error("_popen() failed!");
  }

  while (fgets(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), pipe) != nullptr) {
    result += buffer.data();
  }

  int exitStatus = _pclose(pipe);
  if (exitStatus != 0) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Command exited with non-zero status.");
  }

  return result;
}

int main() {
  try {
    // Replace "command" with your command
    std::string aniCommand = "command";
    std::string output = exec(aniCommand.c_str());

    // Save output to file
    std::ofstream outputFile("output.txt");
    if (outputFile.is_open()) {
      outputFile << output;
      outputFile.close();
      std::cout << "Output saved to file." << std::endl;
    } else {
      std::cout << "Error opening file." << std::endl;
    }
  } catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
    std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

// 代码片段2（Method 2）
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <windows.h>

std::string exec(const char *cmd) {
  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
  sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);
  sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
  sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;

  HANDLE hRead, hWrite;

  if (!CreatePipe(&hRead, &hWrite, &sa, 0)) {
    throw std::runtime_error("CreatePipe failed");
  }

  STARTUPINFO si;
  ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
  si.cb = sizeof(si);
  si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
  si.hStdOutput = hWrite;
  si.hStdError = hWrite;

  PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
  ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));

  if (!CreateProcess(NULL, (LPSTR)cmd, NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si,
                     &pi)) {
    CloseHandle(hWrite);
    CloseHandle(hRead);
    throw std::runtime_error("CreateProcess failed");
  }

  CloseHandle(hWrite);

  std::vector<char> buffer(4096);
  DWORD bytesRead;
  std::string output;

  while (true) {
    if (!ReadFile(hRead, buffer.data(), buffer.size(), &bytesRead, NULL)) {
      break;
    }
    output.append(buffer.cbegin(), buffer.cbegin() + bytesRead);
  }

  CloseHandle(hRead);
  CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
  CloseHandle(pi.hThread);

  return output;
}

int main() {
  // Ensure your command generates ANSI color codes
  std::string output = exec("d:\\Project\\cpp-practice\\build\\cpp-practice."
                            "exe --gtest_color=yes 2>&1");
  std::cout << output;
  return 0;
}