◉ 图1.2 展示了一个复杂的分子系统,该系统协调植物对干旱的反应。◉ 虽然细节在这里并不重要,但我们可以看到一种关键激素——脱落酸 (ABA),触发了一系列反应,最终促进气孔关闭,从而减少水分蒸发。◉ 即使是一个像这种关闭过程这样狭义定义的反应,也涉及一个复杂的控制系统,其中包含大量分子及其相互作用。◉ 反过来,这个系统只是更大范围的生理应激反应系统中的一个组成部分(参见图1.7)。◉ (来源:Saadatpour A, Albert I & Albert A,《理论生物学杂志》,266卷,2010年,第641-656页。经Elsevier许可使用。)
这些结果的粗略解释是,酶活性的增加导致了 X 的耗尽。X 水平的降低导致 Y 和 Z 的水平降低,进而减少了对 TF、G 以及最终 E 的影响。根据数值特性,X 的上下波动可能不明显,可能会被抑制并消失,也可能会持续存在直到引入另一个变化。令人感兴趣的是,即使我们知道这些不同的反应是可能的,人类的大脑在没有辅助的情况下也无法整合模型的数值特征,以至于我们无法预测在特定参数设置下系统会产生哪种响应。相比之下,计算模型可以在几分之一秒内揭示答案。
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