用nginx搭建web服务器

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release ubuntu-keyring -y

sudo apt install nginx -y

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl start nginx

# 停止服务
sudo systemctl stop nginx

# 重启服务
sudo systemctl restart nginx

# 重新加载配置（不中断服务）
sudo systemctl reload nginx

# 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable nginx

nginx -v
# 输出示例：nginx version: nginx/1.24.0

# 创建网站目录
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/html

# 设置权限
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com/html
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www
cp index.html /var/www/example.com/html
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
在上边文件里增加如下内容：

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    
    server_name example.com www.example.com; 
    root /var/www/example.com/html;
    index index.html;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}

# 创建符号链接
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

# 测试配置语法
sudo nginx -t

# 重新加载配置
sudo systemctl reload nginx

sudo ufw status

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'  # 允许 HTTP(80) 和 HTTPS(443)
# 或单独允许
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp

sudo ufw enable