如何针对ASP.NET Web项目实现自动化部署

# ASP.NET Core应用构建管道
trigger:
- main
- develop

pool:
  vmImage: 'windows-latest'

variables:
  solution: '**/*.sln'
  buildPlatform: 'Any CPU'
  buildConfiguration: 'Release'

stages:
- stage: Build
  displayName: '构建阶段'
  jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: '编译和测试'
    steps:
    - task: NuGetToolInstaller@1
      displayName: '安装NuGet'

    - task: NuGetCommand@2
      displayName: '还原NuGet包'
      inputs:
        restoreSolution: '$(solution)'

    - task: VSBuild@1
      displayName: '编译解决方案'
      inputs:
        solution: '$(solution)'
        msbuildArgs: '/p:DeployOnBuild=true /p:WebPublishMethod=Package /p:PackageAsSingleFile=true /p:SkipInvalidConfigurations=true /p:PackageLocation="$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)"'
        platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
        configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'

    - task: VSTest@2
      displayName: '运行单元测试'
      inputs:
        platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
        configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'

    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
      displayName: '发布构建制品'
      inputs:
        PathtoPublish: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'
        ArtifactName: 'drop'

name: ASP.NET Core CI/CD

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build-and-test:
    runs-on: windows-latest
    
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    
    - name: Setup .NET
      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
      with:
        dotnet-version: '6.0.x'
        
    - name: Restore dependencies
      run: dotnet restore
      
    - name: Build
      run: dotnet build --no-restore --configuration Release
      
    - name: Test
      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal --configuration Release
      
    - name: Publish
      run: dotnet publish -c Release -o ${{env.DOTNET_ROOT}}/myapp
      
    - name: Upload artifact
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: .net-app
        path: ${{env.DOTNET_ROOT}}/myapp

  deploy-to-staging:
    needs: build-and-test
    runs-on: windows-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    
    steps:
    - name: Download artifact
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: .net-app
        
    - name: Deploy to Azure Web App
      uses: azure/webapps-deploy@v2
      with:
        app-name: 'your-app-name-staging'
        publish-profile: ${{ secrets.AZURE_WEBAPP_PUBLISH_PROFILE_STAGING }}
        package: .

pipeline {
    agent any
    
    environment {
        DOTNET_ROOT = 'C:\\Program Files\\dotnet'
        MSBUILD_PATH = 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Professional\\MSBuild\\Current\\Bin\\MSBuild.exe'
    }
    
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                git branch: 'main', url: 'https://github.com/your-repo/your-project.git'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Restore') {
            steps {
                bat 'dotnet restore'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                bat 'dotnet build --configuration Release --no-restore'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                bat 'dotnet test --configuration Release --no-build --logger trx --results-directory TestResults'
            }
            post {
                always {
                    mstest testResultsFile: 'TestResults/*.trx'
                }
            }
        }
        
        stage('Publish') {
            steps {
                bat 'dotnet publish --configuration Release --output ./publish'
                archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'publish/**', allowEmptyArchive: false
            }
        }
        
        stage('Deploy to Staging') {
            steps {
                script {
                    // 部署到测试环境的逻辑
                    deployToEnvironment('staging')
                }
            }
        }
        
        stage('Integration Tests') {
            steps {
                // 执行集成测试
                bat 'dotnet test IntegrationTests --configuration Release'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Deploy to Production') {
            when {
                branch 'main'
            }
            steps {
                input message: '是否部署到生产环境?', ok: '部署'
                script {
                    deployToEnvironment('production')
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    post {
        always {
            cleanWs()
        }
        success {
            emailext subject: '部署成功: ${JOB_NAME} - ${BUILD_NUMBER}',
                     body: '应用已成功部署到生产环境。',
                     to: 'team@company.com'
        }
        failure {
            emailext subject: '部署失败: ${JOB_NAME} - ${BUILD_NUMBER}',
                     body: '部署过程中发生错误，请检查日志。',
                     to: 'team@company.com'
        }
    }
}

def deployToEnvironment(environment) {
    echo "正在部署到 ${environment} 环境..."
    // 这里可以调用PowerShell脚本或其他部署工具
    bat "powershell -File deploy.ps1 -Environment ${environment}"
}

// Startup.cs 或 Program.cs
services.AddHealthChecks()
    .AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddSqlServer(connectionString)
    .AddUrlGroup(new Uri("https://external-api.com/health"))
    .AddApplicationInsightsPublisher();

app.MapHealthChecks("/health", new HealthCheckOptions()
{
    ResponseWriter = UIResponseWriter.WriteHealthCheckUIResponse
});