PyInstaller终极指南：深入解析Python应用打包的艺术

pyinstaller myscript.py

# 安装最新版
pip install -U pyinstaller

# 最小化打包
pyinstaller --onefile app.py

# 带控制台窗口
pyinstaller --console app.py

# 无控制台（GUI应用）
pyinstaller --windowed app.py

# myscript.spec
block_cipher = None

a = Analysis(
    ['app.py'],
    pathex=['/project/src'],
    binaries=[('lib/opencv.dll', 'lib')],
    datas=[('assets/images', 'assets')],
    hiddenimports=['sklearn.utils'],
    hookspath=['hooks/'],
    runtime_hooks=[],
    excludes=['tkinter'],
    win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
    cipher=block_cipher
)

pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data, cipher=block_cipher)

exe = EXE(
    pyz,
    a.scripts,
    a.binaries,
    a.zipfiles,
    a.datas,
    name='MyApp',
    debug=False,
    bootloader_ignore_signals=False,
    strip=False,
    upx=True,
    runtime_tmpdir=None,
    console=False,
    icon='app.ico'
)

# 添加版本信息
version_info = VersionInfo(
    version="1.0.0",
    comments="专业版",
    company="TechCorp",
    file_description="MyApp"
)
exe.version = 'version_info.txt'

# 创建.app bundle
pyinstaller --windowed --name MyApp --osx-bundle-identifier com.example.myapp app.py

# 添加签名
codesign --deep -s "Developer ID" dist/MyApp.app

# 使用低版本glibc构建
docker run -v $PWD:/src python:3.9-buster pyinstaller app.py

# 添加桌面文件
pyinstaller --add-data "myapp.desktop:." app.py

# 包含Qt插件和翻译文件
a = Analysis(
    ...
    datas=[
        ('/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/PyQt6/Qt6/plugins', 'PyQt6/Qt6/plugins'),
        ('/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/PyQt6/Qt6/translations', 'PyQt6/Qt6/translations')
    ],
    binaries=[
        ('/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/PyQt6/Qt6/lib/*.dylib', 'PyQt6/Qt6/lib')
    ]
)

# 运行时设置环境变量
runtime_hooks = ['hook/qt.py']

# 解决PyTorch打包问题
hiddenimports = [
    'torch._C',
    'torchvision._C',
    'sklearn.utils._weight_vector'
]

# 添加模型文件
datas=[('models/*.pt', 'models')]

# 排除大型库
excludes = ['matplotlib', 'scipy.sparse.csgraph']

# 使用AES256加密字节码
pyinstaller --key "MySecretKey2025" app.py

# 验证加密效果
strings dist/app | grep -C 5 "MySecretKey2025"  # 应无输出

# 使用UPX压缩（节省40%空间）
pip install upx
pyinstaller --upx-dir ~/.local/bin app.py

# 排除无用模块
pyinstaller --exclude-module tkinter --exclude-module pandas app.py

# 虚拟环境打包
python -m venv clean_venv
source clean_venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
pyinstaller app.py

# 禁用控制台快速启动（Windows）
exe = EXE(
    ...
    disable_windowed_tracer=True,
    target_arch='x86_64'
)

# 预解压技术（单文件模式）
runtime_tmpdir = os.path.join(os.environ['APPDATA'], 'MyAppTemp')

# 大文件处理优化
def process_large_file(path):
    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
        while chunk := f.read(8192):
            yield process_chunk(chunk)

# 避免全局变量
def main():
    data = load_data()  # 按需加载

import sys
import os

def resource_path(relative_path):
    """ 获取资源绝对路径 """
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)

# 使用示例
db_path = resource_path("data/app.db")

# 重定向标准输出
if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    log_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), 'app.log')
    sys.stdout = open(log_path, 'a')
    sys.stderr = sys.stdout

name: Build
on: [push]
jobs:
  build:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - name: Set up Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: pip install pyinstaller
    - name: Build Windows EXE
      if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
      run: pyinstaller --onefile app.py
    - name: Build macOS APP
      if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
      run: pyinstaller --windowed --name MyApp app.py
    - name: Build Linux ELF
      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
      run: pyinstaller --onefile app.py
    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: ${{ matrix.os }}-build
        path: dist/

FROM python:3.10-slim

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y upx
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

WORKDIR /app
COPY . .

RUN pyinstaller --onefile --clean app.py

CMD ["dist/app"]

# 1. 字节码加密
exe = EXE(cipher=block_cipher)

# 2. 代码混淆（配合Cython）
# app.py
import cythonize
from myapp import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# 3. 防调试检测
import ctypes
def anti_debug():
    if ctypes.windll.kernel32.IsDebuggerPresent():
        sys.exit("检测到调试器！")

# Windows签名
$cert = Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\CurrentUser\My -CodeSigningCert
Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath app.exe -Certificate $cert

# macOS公证
xcrun altool --notarize-app \
  --file MyApp.dmg \
  --username "dev@example.com" \
  --password "@keychain:AC_PASSWORD"