使用Go和Gin构建个人资料与随机猫事实API

原创

用户11764306

发布于 2025-11-01 22:39:44

840

构建简单Go API返回个人资料和随机猫事实

我参与了HNG13实习项目，阶段0的任务是构建一个简单的API来返回个人资料和随机猫事实。我选择使用Go语言和Gin框架来完成这个任务。

🔧 技术栈

Go (Golang)
Gin - HTTP Web框架
catfact.ninja API - 获取随机猫事实的免费API

🛠️ API功能

当访问端点 /me 时，API返回：

姓名、邮箱和技术栈
当前时间戳（UTC）
随机猫事实 🐱

示例响应：

{
  "status": "success",
  "user": {
    "email": "",
    "name": "",
    "stack": "Go/Gin"
  },
  "timestamp": "2025-10-21T14:42:11Z",
  "fact": "Cats sleep for 70% of their lives."
}

🚀 控制器设置

核心逻辑位于控制器中：

package controllers

import (
    "context"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func GetProfile(c *gin.Context) {
    ctx := c.Request.Context()

    fact, err := fetchCatFact(ctx)
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf("Error fetching cat fact: %v", err)
        fact = "Unable to fetch cat fact at this time. Did you know cats are amazing creatures?"
    }

    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "status": "success",
        "user": gin.H{
            "email": "<your-email>",
            "name": "<your-name>",
            "stack": "Go/Gin",
        },
        "timestamp": time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
        "fact":      fact,
    })
}

🐾 获取猫事实

此函数处理调用catfact.ninja API并解析响应：

func fetchCatFact(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
    catFactAPIURL := "https://catfact.ninja/fact"

    req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, catFactAPIURL, nil)
    if err != nil {
        return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
    }

    req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")

    resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
    if err != nil {
        return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch cat fact: %w", err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
        return "", fmt.Errorf("cat fact API returned status: %d", resp.StatusCode)
    }

    type CatFactResponse struct {
        Fact   string `json:"fact"`
        Length int    `json:"length"`
    }
    var catFact CatFactResponse
    if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&catFact); err != nil {
        return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to decode response: %w", err)
    }

    return catFact.Fact, nil
}

🌐 路由设置

在 /me 路径下创建路由：

package routes

import (
    "profile-api/internal/controllers"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func RegisterRoutes() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // 可选：跳过ngrok浏览器警告
    r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.Header("ngrok-skip-browser-warning", "1")
        c.Next()
    })

    r.GET("/me", controllers.GetProfile)

    r.Run(":8080") // 在8080端口启动服务器
}