从零到一：开发中文搜索PubMed的MCP服务实战指南

┌─────────────┐
│ Claude/AI   │
│  Assistant  │
└──────┬──────┘
       │ MCP Protocol
       │
┌──────▼──────────────────────┐
│   MCP Server (Node.js)      │
│  ┌───────────────────────┐  │
│  │ 1. 中文查询处理层      │  │
│  │ 2. PubMed API 调用层  │  │
│  │ 3. 结果翻译与格式化    │  │
│  └───────────────────────┘  │
└─────────────┬───────────────┘
              │
        ┌─────▼─────┐
        │ PubMed    │
        │ E-utilities│
        └───────────┘

Copyimport axios from 'axios';

interface PubMedSearchParams {
  query: string;
  maxResults?: number;
  sort?: 'relevance' | 'date';
}

async function searchPubMed(params: PubMedSearchParams) {
  const baseUrl = 'https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils';
  
  // 第一步：搜索获取PMID列表
  const searchUrl = `${baseUrl}/esearch.fcgi`;
  const searchParams = {
    db: 'pubmed',
    term: params.query,
    retmax: params.maxResults || 20,
    sort: params.sort || 'relevance',
    retmode: 'json',
    usehistory: 'y'  // 使用历史记录功能，支持大量结果分页
  };
  
  const searchResponse = await axios.get(searchUrl, { params: searchParams });
  const pmids = searchResponse.data.esearchresult.idlist;
  
  // 第二步：批量获取文献详情
  const summaryUrl = `${baseUrl}/esummary.fcgi`;
  const summaryParams = {
    db: 'pubmed',
    id: pmids.join(','),
    retmode: 'json'
  };
  
  const summaryResponse = await axios.get(summaryUrl, { params: summaryParams });
  return formatResults(summaryResponse.data.result);
}

function formatResults(rawData: any) {
  // 提取关键字段：标题、作者、摘要、DOI、发表年份等
  return Object.values(rawData.result).map((item: any) => ({
    pmid: item.uid,
    title: item.title,
    authors: item.authors?.map((a: any) => a.name).join(', '),
    journal: item.source,
    pubDate: item.pubdate,
    doi: item.elocationid?.replace('doi: ', ''),
    abstract: item.abstract || '摘要未提供'
  }));
}

Copyimport { Server } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js';
import { StdioServerTransport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/stdio.js';

const server = new Server(
  {
    name: 'pubmed-search-mcp',
    version: '1.0.0',
  },
  {
    capabilities: {
      tools: {},
    },
  }
);

// 注册搜索工具
server.setRequestHandler('tools/list', async () => ({
  tools: [
    {
      name: 'search_pubmed',
      description: '搜索PubMed医学文献数据库，支持中文查询',
      inputSchema: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          query: {
            type: 'string',
            description: '搜索关键词（支持中文）'
          },
          max_results: {
            type: 'number',
            description: '返回结果数量，默认10条',
            default: 10
          }
        },
        required: ['query']
      }
    }
  ]
}));

// 处理工具调用
server.setRequestHandler('tools/call', async (request) => {
  if (request.params.name === 'search_pubmed') {
    const { query, max_results = 10 } = request.params.arguments;
    
    // 1. 如果是中文，先翻译
    const englishQuery = await translateToEnglish(query);
    
    // 2. 调用PubMed API
    const results = await searchPubMed({
      query: englishQuery,
      maxResults: max_results
    });
    
    // 3. 返回格式化结果
    return {
      content: [
        {
          type: 'text',
          text: JSON.stringify(results, null, 2)
        }
      ]
    };
  }
});

// 启动服务器
const transport = new StdioServerTransport();
await server.connect(transport);

Copyconst medicalTerms = new Map([
  ['心肌梗死', 'myocardial infarction'],
  ['高血压', 'hypertension'],
  ['糖尿病', 'diabetes mellitus'],
  // ... 可扩展到数万条
]);

async function translateMedicalQuery(chineseQuery: string) {
  // 先尝试术语库匹配
  for (const [cn, en] of medicalTerms.entries()) {
    if (chineseQuery.includes(cn)) {
      chineseQuery = chineseQuery.replace(cn, en);
    }
  }
  
  // 剩余部分调用翻译API
  if (containsChinese(chineseQuery)) {
    chineseQuery = await callTranslationAPI(chineseQuery);
  }
  
  return chineseQuery;
}

Copynpm install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk axios

Copy{
  "mcpServers": {
    "pubmed": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["/path/to/your/pubmed-mcp/build/index.js"],
      "env": {
        "PUBMED_API_KEY": "your_ncbi_api_key",
        "TRANSLATION_API_KEY": "your_translation_key"
      }
    }
  }
}

Copy# 1. 获取API Key
# 访问 https://suppr.wilddata.cn/api-keys

# 2. 配置环境变量
export SUPPR_API_KEY=your_api_key_here

# 3. 在Claude Desktop配置
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "suppr": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "suppr-mcp"],
      "env": {
        "SUPPR_API_KEY": "your_api_key_here"
      }
    }
  }
}