024_社交恢复钱包全指南：从ERC-4337到AI监护，构建永不丢失的Web3身份与资产

┌──────────────┐      ┌──────────────┐      ┌──────────────┐
│    原始用户  │      │   可信监护人 │      │   智能合约   │
└──────┬───────┘      └───────┬──────┘      └───────┬──────┘
       │                      │                      │
       │ 设置初始配置         │                      │
       └─────────────────────>│                      │
                              │ 注册监护人信息     │
                              └────────────────────>│
       │                      │                      │
       │ 私钥丢失/设备更换    │                      │
       └─────────────────────>│                      │
                              │ 发起恢复请求       │
                              └────────────────────>│
                              │ 确认请求           │
       │                      │<────────────────────┘
       │                      │                      │
       │                      │ 提交恢复确认       │
       │                      └────────────────────>│
       │                      │                      │
       │ 接收恢复确认         │                      │
       │<───────────────────────────────────────────┘

// ERC-4337核心组件示意图
class ERC4337Architecture {
  constructor() {
    this.userOperationPool = []; // 替代交易池
    this.entryPoint = new EntryPointContract(); // 统一入口点
    this.paymasters = new Map(); // 支付主合约
    this.accountContracts = new Map(); // 智能合约钱包
  }
  
  // 用户操作流程
  processUserOperation(userOp) {
    // 1. 签名验证
    const signatureValid = this.verifySignature(userOp);
    
    // 2. 账户验证
    const accountValid = this.entryPoint.validateUserOp(userOp);
    
    // 3. 支付验证
    let paymasterResult = { valid: true };
    if (userOp.paymaster) {
      paymasterResult = this.paymasters.get(userOp.paymaster).validatePaymasterOp(userOp);
    }
    
    // 4. 执行操作
    if (signatureValid && accountValid && paymasterResult.valid) {
      return this.entryPoint.handleOps([userOp], userOp.beneficiary);
    }
    
    throw new Error("UserOperation validation failed");
  }
  
  // 其他ERC-4337相关方法...
}

// 社交恢复智能合约钱包核心代码示例
contract SocialRecoveryWallet is BaseAccount {
    // 状态变量
    address[] public guardians;
    mapping(address => bool) public isGuardian;
    uint256 public threshold;
    mapping(address => uint256) public pendingOwnerChanges;
    
    // 事件定义
    event GuardianAdded(address indexed guardian);
    event GuardianRemoved(address indexed guardian);
    event ThresholdChanged(uint256 newThreshold);
    event OwnerChangeRequested(address indexed newOwner, uint256 timestamp);
    event OwnerChanged(address indexed oldOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    
    // 构造函数
    constructor(address[] memory _guardians, uint256 _threshold) {
        require(_threshold > 0 && _threshold <= _guardians.length, "Invalid threshold");
        
        for (uint i = 0; i < _guardians.length; i++) {
            require(_guardians[i] != address(0), "Invalid guardian");
            guardians.push(_guardians[i]);
            isGuardian[_guardians[i]] = true;
        }
        
        threshold = _threshold;
    }
    
    // 添加监护人
    function addGuardian(address _guardian) external onlyOwner {
        require(_guardian != address(0), "Invalid guardian");
        require(!isGuardian[_guardian], "Already a guardian");
        
        guardians.push(_guardian);
        isGuardian[_guardian] = true;
        
        emit GuardianAdded(_guardian);
    }
    
    // 移除监护人
    function removeGuardian(address _guardian) external onlyOwner {
        require(isGuardian[_guardian], "Not a guardian");
        require(guardians.length - 1 >= threshold, "Would violate threshold");
        
        // 从数组中移除监护人
        for (uint i = 0; i < guardians.length; i++) {
            if (guardians[i] == _guardian) {
                guardians[i] = guardians[guardians.length - 1];
                guardians.pop();
                break;
            }
        }
        
        isGuardian[_guardian] = false;
        
        emit GuardianRemoved(_guardian);
    }
    
    // 更改阈值
    function changeThreshold(uint256 _newThreshold) external onlyOwner {
        require(_newThreshold > 0 && _newThreshold <= guardians.length, "Invalid threshold");
        threshold = _newThreshold;
        emit ThresholdChanged(_newThreshold);
    }
    
    // 请求更改所有者（社交恢复入口）
    function requestOwnerChange(address _newOwner) external onlyGuardian {
        require(_newOwner != address(0), "Invalid new owner");
        
        // 增加投票计数
        pendingOwnerChanges[_newOwner] += 1;
        
        emit OwnerChangeRequested(_newOwner, block.timestamp);
        
        // 检查是否达到阈值
        if (pendingOwnerChanges[_newOwner] >= threshold) {
            _changeOwner(_newOwner);
        }
    }
    
    // 实际更改所有者
    function _changeOwner(address _newOwner) internal {
        address oldOwner = owner;
        owner = _newOwner;
        
        // 重置所有待处理的所有者更改请求
        for (uint i = 0; i < guardians.length; i++) {
            delete pendingOwnerChanges[guardians[i]];
        }
        
        emit OwnerChanged(oldOwner, _newOwner);
    }
    
    // 其他钱包必要功能...
}

// 阈值签名算法实现示例
function generateThresholdSignature(message, privateKeys, t, n) {
  // 1. 每个私钥持有者生成部分签名
  const partialSignatures = privateKeys.map(key => {
    return signWithPrivateKey(message, key);
  });
  
  // 2. 收集至少t个部分签名
  const collectedSignatures = partialSignatures.slice(0, t);
  
  // 3. 使用拉格朗日插值组合部分签名
  const combinedSignature = lagrangeInterpolateSignatures(
    collectedSignatures,
    t,
    n
  );
  
  return {
    signature: combinedSignature,
    threshold: t,
    total: n,
    message: message
  };
}

// 验证阈值签名
function verifyThresholdSignature(thresholdSignature, publicKey) {
  // 验证组合签名
  return verifySignature(
    thresholdSignature.message,
    thresholdSignature.signature,
    publicKey
  );
}

// 时间锁保护的社交恢复实现
contract TimelockSocialRecovery is SocialRecoveryWallet {
    uint256 public recoveryDelay;
    mapping(address => uint256) public recoveryTimelocks;
    
    event RecoveryInitiated(address indexed newOwner, uint256 executionTime);
    
    constructor(
        address[] memory _guardians,
        uint256 _threshold,
        uint256 _recoveryDelay
    ) SocialRecoveryWallet(_guardians, _threshold) {
        recoveryDelay = _recoveryDelay;
    }
    
    // 覆盖请求所有者更改方法
    function requestOwnerChange(address _newOwner) external override onlyGuardian {
        require(_newOwner != address(0), "Invalid new owner");
        
        // 如果这是第一个监护人的投票
        if (pendingOwnerChanges[_newOwner] == 0) {
            recoveryTimelocks[_newOwner] = block.timestamp + recoveryDelay;
            emit RecoveryInitiated(_newOwner, recoveryTimelocks[_newOwner]);
        }
        
        // 增加投票计数
        pendingOwnerChanges[_newOwner] += 1;
    }
    
    // 执行恢复操作（需要等待时间锁结束）
    function executeRecovery(address _newOwner) external {
        require(
            pendingOwnerChanges[_newOwner] >= threshold,
            "Not enough guardian confirmations"
        );
        require(
            block.timestamp >= recoveryTimelocks[_newOwner],
            "Timelock not expired"
        );
        
        _changeOwner(_newOwner);
    }
}

// 高级账户抽象功能组合示例
class EnhancedSmartContractWallet {
  constructor(config) {
    this.socialRecovery = new SocialRecoveryModule(config.guardians, config.threshold);
    this.sessionKeys = new SessionKeyManager();
    this.batchExecution = new BatchExecutor();
    this.paymasterIntegration = new PaymasterClient(config.paymaster);
    this.spendingLimits = new SpendingLimitManager(config.limits);
    this.moduleManager = new ModuleManager();
  }
  
  // 启用/禁用特定功能模块
  enableModule(moduleName) {
    return this.moduleManager.enable(moduleName);
  }
  
  disableModule(moduleName) {
    return this.moduleManager.disable(moduleName);
  }
  
  // 设置会话密钥（临时授权）
  async createSessionKey(duration, permissions) {
    return this.sessionKeys.generate(duration, permissions);
  }
  
  // 批量执行交易
  async batchTransactions(transactions, options) {
    return this.batchExecution.execute(transactions, options);
  }
  
  // 使用支付主合约支付Gas
  async usePaymaster(tx, paymasterData) {
    return this.paymasterIntegration.processTransaction(tx, paymasterData);
  }
  
  // 设置支出限额
  async setSpendingLimit(token, amount, period) {
    return this.spendingLimits.setLimit(token, amount, period);
  }
}

// 钱包选择决策工具示例
function selectOptimalWallet(userProfile) {
  const { 
    userType, // 个人/家庭/机构
    technicalSkill, // 新手/中级/专家
    assetValue, // 低/中/高
    usageFrequency, // 低频/中频/高频
    securityRequirements, // 标准/高/极高
    ecosystemNeeds // DeFi/NFT/游戏/普通交易
  } = userProfile;
  
  let recommendations = [];
  
  // 基于用户类型和资产价值的基础推荐
  if (userType === '个人' || userType === '家庭') {
    if (assetValue === '低' || assetValue === '中') {
      recommendations.push('Argent', 'ZenGo');
    } else if (assetValue === '高') {
      recommendations.push('Safe', 'Argent');
    }
  } else if (userType === '机构') {
    recommendations.push('Safe', 'Sequence');
  }
  
  // 基于技术技能的调整
  if (technicalSkill === '新手') {
    recommendations = recommendations.filter(w => ['Argent', 'ZenGo'].includes(w));
  } else if (technicalSkill === '专家') {
    recommendations = recommendations.filter(w => ['Safe', 'Loopring'].includes(w));
  }
  
  // 基于使用频率的调整
  if (usageFrequency === '高频') {
    recommendations.push('Loopring', 'Argent');
  }
  
  // 基于安全需求的调整
  if (securityRequirements === '极高') {
    recommendations = recommendations.filter(w => ['Safe', 'Argent'].includes(w));
  }
  
  // 基于生态需求的调整
  if (ecosystemNeeds === 'DeFi') {
    recommendations.push('Argent', 'Safe');
  } else if (ecosystemNeeds === 'NFT') {
    recommendations.push('Argent', 'Loopring');
  } else if (ecosystemNeeds === '游戏') {
    recommendations.push('Sequence');
  }
  
  // 去重并按匹配度排序
  const uniqueRecommendations = [...new Set(recommendations)];
  
  return {
    topRecommendations: uniqueRecommendations.slice(0, 3),
    considerations: generateConsiderations(userProfile)
  };
}