027_热钱包风险缓解高级指南：从实时监控到AI防护，构建2025年智能安全体系

// 热钱包风险评分系统
function hotWalletRiskAssessment(walletData) {
  // 资产风险因素 (25%)
  const assetRisk = {
    assetValue: walletData.assetValue, // 资产价值
    assetDiversity: walletData.assetTypes.length, // 资产多样性
    transactionFrequency: walletData.transactionFrequency // 交易频率
  };
  
  // 技术风险因素 (35%)
  const technicalRisk = {
    walletType: getWalletTypeScore(walletData.type), // 钱包类型
    encryptionStandard: getEncryptionScore(walletData.encryption), // 加密标准
    updateStatus: isUpToDate(walletData.lastUpdate) ? 1 : 3, // 更新状态
    vulnerabilityHistory: walletData.vulnerabilityReports.length, // 漏洞历史
    keyStorageMethod: getKeyStorageScore(walletData.keyStorage) // 密钥存储方法
  };
  
  // 操作风险因素 (25%)
  const operationalRisk = {
    authenticationStrength: getAuthStrengthScore(walletData.authMethods), // 认证强度
    backupQuality: getBackupScore(walletData.backupMethod), // 备份质量
    userEducation: getUserEducationScore(walletData.userExperience), // 用户教育程度
    accessControl: getAccessControlScore(walletData.accessControls), // 访问控制
    incidentResponse: walletData.hasIncidentPlan ? 1 : 3 // 事件响应
  };
  
  // 环境风险因素 (15%)
  const environmentalRisk = {
    networkSecurity: getNetworkSecurityScore(walletData.networkType), // 网络安全
    deviceSecurity: getDeviceSecurityScore(walletData.deviceSecurity), // 设备安全
    geographicRisk: getGeographicScore(walletData.location), // 地理位置风险
    regulatoryEnvironment: getRegulatoryScore(walletData.regulatoryCompliance) // 监管环境
  };
  
  // 计算总体风险评分 (1-5分，1分最低风险，5分最高风险)
  const calculateWeightedScore = (factors, weight) => {
    const values = Object.values(factors);
    const avgScore = values.reduce((sum, val) => sum + val, 0) / values.length;
    return avgScore * (weight / 100);
  };
  
  const totalRiskScore = 
    calculateWeightedScore(assetRisk, 25) +
    calculateWeightedScore(technicalRisk, 35) +
    calculateWeightedScore(operationalRisk, 25) +
    calculateWeightedScore(environmentalRisk, 15);
  
  // 风险等级分类
  let riskLevel;
  if (totalRiskScore <= 1.5) riskLevel = "低风险";
  else if (totalRiskScore <= 2.5) riskLevel = "中低风险";
  else if (totalRiskScore <= 3.5) riskLevel = "中风险";
  else if (totalRiskScore <= 4.5) riskLevel = "中高风险";
  else riskLevel = "高风险";
  
  return {
    riskScore: totalRiskScore.toFixed(2),
    riskLevel,
    componentScores: {
      assetRisk,
      technicalRisk,
      operationalRisk,
      environmentalRisk
    },
    recommendations: generateRecommendations(totalRiskScore, walletData)
  };
}

// 热钱包多层防御体系
const multiLayerDefense = {
  layer1: {
    name: "物理层防御",
    measures: [
      "使用安全的设备访问钱包",
      "启用设备加密",
      "使用可信的网络连接",
      "启用屏幕锁和自动锁定",
      "防止设备丢失或被盗"
    ],
    effectiveness: "基础保护，防止物理访问"
  },
  
  layer2: {
    name: "系统层防御",
    measures: [
      "保持操作系统和软件更新",
      "安装可靠的防病毒软件",
      "使用防火墙保护设备",
      "启用应用程序白名单",
      "定期进行安全扫描"
    ],
    effectiveness: "防止恶意软件和系统级攻击"
  },
  
  layer3: {
    name: "应用层防御",
    measures: [
      "使用官方认证的钱包应用",
      "验证应用签名和完整性",
      "定期更新钱包软件",
      "限制应用权限",
      "使用沙箱环境运行"
    ],
    effectiveness: "保护钱包应用自身安全"
  },
  
  layer4: {
    name: "认证层防御",
    measures: [
      "使用强密码和密码管理器",
      "启用多因素认证",
      "使用硬件安全密钥",
      "设置登录通知",
      "限制登录尝试次数"
    ],
    effectiveness: "防止未授权访问"
  },
  
  layer5: {
    name: "交易层防御",
    measures: [
      "设置交易限额",
      "启用交易确认流程",
      "使用地址白名单",
      "实施交易延迟",
      "启用异常交易监控"
    ],
    effectiveness: "保护交易安全"
  },
  
  layer6: {
    name: "监控与响应",
    measures: [
      "实时监控账户活动",
      "设置异常警报",
      "定期审查交易历史",
      "建立事件响应计划",
      "准备应急恢复方案"
    ],
    effectiveness: "及时发现和响应安全事件"
  }
};

// 高级多因素认证实施策略
const advancedMFAStrategy = {
  
  // 分层认证方案
  tieredAuthentication: [
    {
      tier: "基础访问",
      factors: ["密码 + 推送通知"],
      "适用操作": ["查看余额", "交易历史", "账户设置查看"],
      "安全级别": "中"
    },
    {
      tier: "标准交易",
      factors: ["密码 + 生物识别 + 交易确认"],
      "适用操作": ["小额转账(<$1000)", "地址簿内转账", "基本设置修改"],
      "安全级别": "高"
    },
    {
      tier: "高级操作",
      factors: ["密码 + 硬件密钥 + 时间锁定 + 二次确认"],
      "适用操作": ["大额转账(>$1000)", "新地址转账", "安全设置修改"],
      "安全级别": "极高"
    }
  ],
  
  // 自适应认证
  adaptiveAuthentication: {
    conditions: [
      {
        trigger: "异常登录位置",
        action: "要求额外验证因素"
      },
      {
        trigger: "不常用设备",
        action: "要求设备注册和额外验证"
      },
      {
        trigger: "非工作时间访问",
        action: "增加验证强度"
      },
      {
        trigger: "异常交易模式",
        action: "暂停交易并要求人工审核"
      }
    ],
    riskScoring: "基于用户历史行为的机器学习模型"
  },
  
  // 无摩擦认证
  frictionlessAuthentication: {
    technologies: [
      "持续行为分析",
      "设备绑定认证",
      "上下文感知认证",
      "零知识证明技术"
    ],
    balance: "在安全性和用户体验之间取得最佳平衡"
  }
};

// 多模态生物识别实现示例
class MultiModalBiometrics {
  constructor() {
    this.biometricTypes = ['fingerprint', 'face', 'voice', 'behavioral'];
    this.thresholds = {
      fingerprint: 0.85,
      face: 0.90,
      voice: 0.88,
      behavioral: 0.75
    };
    this.requiredScore = 0.82; // 加权最低分数
  }
  
  // 采集生物特征
  async captureBiometrics() {
    const captures = {};
    
    for (const type of this.biometricTypes) {
      try {
        captures[type] = await this.captureSingleType(type);
      } catch (error) {
        console.warn(`${type} capture failed: ${error.message}`);
      }
    }
    
    return captures;
  }
  
  // 验证生物特征
  async verifyIdentity(capturedData) {
    const scores = {};
    
    for (const [type, data] of Object.entries(capturedData)) {
      scores[type] = await this.verifySingleType(type, data);
    }
    
    // 计算加权分数
    const weightedScore = this.calculateWeightedScore(scores);
    
    return {
      verified: weightedScore >= this.requiredScore,
      confidence: weightedScore,
      individualScores: scores,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 计算加权分数
  calculateWeightedScore(scores) {
    // 根据不同生物特征的可靠性给予不同权重
    const weights = {
      fingerprint: 0.35,
      face: 0.30,
      voice: 0.20,
      behavioral: 0.15
    };
    
    let totalWeight = 0;
    let weightedSum = 0;
    
    for (const [type, score] of Object.entries(scores)) {
      if (score >= this.thresholds[type]) {
        weightedSum += score * weights[type];
        totalWeight += weights[type];
      }
    }
    
    // 归一化分数
    return totalWeight > 0 ? weightedSum / totalWeight : 0;
  }
}

// 零知识证明身份验证简化示例
async function zeroKnowledgeAuthentication() {
  // 1. 系统设置阶段
  const setup = await generateSystemParameters();
  
  // 2. 用户注册阶段
  async function register(userSecret) {
    // 用户生成密钥对
    const { privateKey, publicKey } = await generateKeyPair(userSecret, setup);
    
    // 生成零知识证明的承诺
    const commitment = await generateCommitment(privateKey, publicKey, setup);
    
    // 注册公钥和承诺到系统
    await registerWithSystem(publicKey, commitment);
    
    return { privateKey, publicKey };
  }
  
  // 3. 认证阶段
  async function authenticate(privateKey, publicKey) {
    // 生成证明
    const { proof, challenge } = await generateProof(
      privateKey, 
      publicKey, 
      setup,
      generateRandomChallenge()
    );
    
    // 向验证者发送证明
    const isValid = await verifyProof(
      proof, 
      challenge,
      publicKey,
      setup
    );
    
    return {
      authenticated: isValid,
      sessionId: isValid ? generateSessionToken() : null
    };
  }
  
  return {
    setup,
    register,
    authenticate
  };
}

// AI异常检测系统架构
class AnomalyDetectionSystem {
  constructor() {
    this.models = {
      transactionModel: new TransactionAnomalyModel(),
      behaviorModel: new BehavioralPatternModel(),
      deviceModel: new DeviceFingerprintModel(),
      networkModel: new NetworkBehaviorModel()
    };
    
    this.userProfiles = new Map(); // 用户行为画像
    this.alertSystem = new AlertSystem();
    this.responseActions = new ResponseActionManager();
  }
  
  // 初始化用户画像
  async initializeUserProfile(userId) {
    // 获取历史数据
    const historicalData = await this.fetchUserHistory(userId);
    
    // 为每个模型初始化用户画像
    const profiles = {};
    for (const [modelName, model] of Object.entries(this.models)) {
      profiles[modelName] = await model.createUserProfile(historicalData);
    }
    
    this.userProfiles.set(userId, {
      profiles,
      lastUpdated: new Date(),
      riskScore: 0.1 // 初始低风险分数
    });
    
    return profiles;
  }
  
  // 实时监控
  async monitorActivity(userId, activity) {
    // 获取用户画像
    const userProfile = this.userProfiles.get(userId);
    if (!userProfile) {
      await this.initializeUserProfile(userId);
      return;
    }
    
    // 使用各模型进行检测
    const results = {};
    let overallRisk = 0;
    
    for (const [modelName, model] of Object.entries(this.models)) {
      results[modelName] = await model.detectAnomaly(
        activity,
        userProfile.profiles[modelName]
      );
      
      // 加权计算总体风险
      const weight = this.getModelWeight(modelName);
      overallRisk += results[modelName].riskScore * weight;
    }
    
    // 更新用户风险分数
    userProfile.riskScore = this.updateRiskScore(
      userProfile.riskScore,
      overallRisk
    );
    
    // 触发响应措施
    await this.triggerResponse(userId, overallRisk, results);
    
    // 更新用户画像
    await this.updateUserProfile(userId, activity, results);
    
    return {
      riskScore: overallRisk,
      modelResults: results,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    };
  }
  
  // 触发响应措施
  async triggerResponse(userId, riskScore, results) {
    // 根据风险分数确定响应级别
    let responseLevel = 'none';
    if (riskScore > 0.9) responseLevel = 'critical';
    else if (riskScore > 0.7) responseLevel = 'high';
    else if (riskScore > 0.5) responseLevel = 'medium';
    else if (riskScore > 0.3) responseLevel = 'low';
    
    if (responseLevel !== 'none') {
      // 触发警报
      await this.alertSystem.sendAlert(userId, responseLevel, results);
      
      // 执行响应措施
      await this.responseActions.execute(userId, responseLevel);
    }
  }
}

// 情境感知安全评估
function contextAwareSecurityAssessment(contextData) {
  const { location, time, device, network, behavior } = contextData;
  
  // 位置风险评估
  const locationRisk = assessLocationRisk(location);
  
  // 时间风险评估
  const timeRisk = assessTimeRisk(time, contextData.userProfile.normalHours);
  
  // 设备风险评估
  const deviceRisk = assessDeviceRisk(
    device,
    contextData.userProfile.trustedDevices
  );
  
  // 网络风险评估
  const networkRisk = assessNetworkRisk(network);
  
  // 行为风险评估
  const behaviorRisk = assessBehaviorRisk(
    behavior,
    contextData.userProfile.behaviorPatterns
  );
  
  // 综合风险评分 (0-1)
  const overallRisk = calculateWeightedRisk([
    { risk: locationRisk, weight: 0.15 },
    { risk: timeRisk, weight: 0.10 },
    { risk: deviceRisk, weight: 0.30 },
    { risk: networkRisk, weight: 0.25 },
    { risk: behaviorRisk, weight: 0.20 }
  ]);
  
  // 推荐的安全措施
  const recommendedMeasures = generateSecurityMeasures(overallRisk);
  
  return {
    overallRisk,
    componentRisks: {
      locationRisk,
      timeRisk,
      deviceRisk,
      networkRisk,
      behaviorRisk
    },
    recommendedMeasures,
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
  };
}

// 自适应威胁防御系统
class AdaptiveThreatDefenseSystem {
  constructor() {
    this.threatIntelligence = new ThreatIntelligenceFeed();
    this.defenseRules = new Map();
    this.attackPatterns = new Map();
    this.defenseHistory = new Map();
  }
  
  // 初始化系统
  async initialize() {
    // 加载初始防御规则
    await this.loadDefenseRules();
    
    // 订阅威胁情报源
    this.threatIntelligence.subscribe(this.handleNewThreat.bind(this));
    
    // 启动定期规则更新
    this.startRuleUpdateScheduler();
  }
  
  // 处理新威胁
  async handleNewThreat(threatData) {
    // 分析威胁数据
    const analysis = await this.analyzeThreat(threatData);
    
    // 更新攻击模式库
    this.updateAttackPatterns(analysis);
    
    // 生成新的防御规则
    const newRules = await this.generateDefenseRules(analysis);
    
    // 部署防御规则
    await this.deployDefenseRules(newRules);
    
    // 记录防御历史
    this.recordDefenseAction(threatData, newRules);
  }
  
  // 评估当前威胁
  async assessCurrentThreats(contextData) {
    // 获取相关威胁情报
    const relevantThreats = await this.threatIntelligence.getRelevantThreats(contextData);
    
    // 评估威胁风险
    const threatAssessments = [];
    for (const threat of relevantThreats) {
      const assessment = await this.assessThreatRelevance(threat, contextData);
      if (assessment.relevance > 0.5) { // 只有相关度高的威胁才考虑
        threatAssessments.push(assessment);
      }
    }
    
    // 排序并返回最高风险的威胁
    return threatAssessments
      .sort((a, b) => b.riskScore - a.riskScore)
      .slice(0, 5); // 返回前5个最高风险的威胁
  }
  
  // 执行防御措施
  async executeDefenseMeasures(threats, contextData) {
    const executedMeasures = [];
    
    for (const threat of threats) {
      // 获取针对该威胁的防御规则
      const applicableRules = this.getApplicableRules(threat);
      
      // 执行防御措施
      for (const rule of applicableRules) {
        const result = await this.applyDefenseRule(rule, contextData);
        executedMeasures.push({
          threatId: threat.id,
          ruleId: rule.id,
          result,
          timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
        });
      }
    }
    
    return executedMeasures;
  }
}

// 连续行为生物识别系统
class ContinuousBehavioralBiometrics {
  constructor() {
    this.userBaseline = null;
    this.authenticationThreshold = 0.75;
    this.sessionScore = 0.9;
    this.monitoringInterval = null;
    this.behaviorBuffer = [];
    this.maxBufferSize = 100;
  }
  
  // 注册用户行为基线
  async enrollUser(userId, calibrationData) {
    // 分析校准数据，建立用户基线
    this.userBaseline = await this.analyzeBehavioralPatterns(calibrationData);
    
    // 存储基线数据（加密存储）
    await this.storeUserBaseline(userId, this.userBaseline);
    
    return { success: true, message: "用户行为基线建立成功" };
  }
  
  // 开始连续监控
  startMonitoring(eventsCallback) {
    // 设置事件监听器
    this.setupEventListeners(eventsCallback);
    
    // 启动定期分析
    this.monitoringInterval = setInterval(() => {
      this.analyzeBehavioralSession();
    }, 60000); // 每分钟分析一次
    
    return { success: true, message: "连续监控已启动" };
  }
  
  // 处理行为事件
  processBehaviorEvent(event) {
    // 添加到行为缓冲区
    this.behaviorBuffer.push({
      type: event.type,
      data: event.data,
      timestamp: Date.now()
    });
    
    // 保持缓冲区大小
    if (this.behaviorBuffer.length > this.maxBufferSize) {
      this.behaviorBuffer.shift();
    }
  }
  
  // 分析行为会话
  async analyzeBehavioralSession() {
    if (this.behaviorBuffer.length < 10) return; // 数据不足
    
    // 提取最近的行为数据
    const recentBehavior = [...this.behaviorBuffer];
    this.behaviorBuffer = [];
    
    // 分析行为模式
    const currentPatterns = await this.analyzeBehavioralPatterns(recentBehavior);
    
    // 与基线比较
    const similarityScore = await this.compareWithBaseline(
      currentPatterns,
      this.userBaseline
    );
    
    // 更新会话分数（使用滑动平均）
    this.sessionScore = 0.7 * this.sessionScore + 0.3 * similarityScore;
    
    // 检查是否需要触发警报
    if (this.sessionScore < this.authenticationThreshold) {
      this.triggerAlert({
        event: "身份验证失败",
        currentScore: this.sessionScore,
        threshold: this.authenticationThreshold,
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
      });
    }
  }
  
  // 触发安全响应
  triggerAlert(alertData) {
    // 根据分数严重程度采取不同措施
    if (this.sessionScore < 0.5) {
      // 严重：锁定会话，要求重新认证
      this.lockSession();
      this.requestReauthentication();
    } else if (this.sessionScore < this.authenticationThreshold) {
      // 警告：增加监控，要求额外验证
      this.increaseMonitoringFrequency();
      this.requestAdditionalVerification();
    }
    
    // 记录安全事件
    this.logSecurityEvent(alertData);
  }
}

// 后量子加密系统示例
class PostQuantumCryptoSystem {
  constructor() {
    // 加载后量子加密算法
    this.pqcAlgorithms = {
      keyExchange: new CRYSTALS_Kyber(),
      signature: new CRYSTALS_Dilithium(),
      symmetric: new AES_256_GCM() // 增强的对称加密
    };
    
    // 配置混合模式
    this.useHybridMode = true;
    if (this.useHybridMode) {
      this.classicAlgorithms = {
        keyExchange: new ECDH(),
        signature: new ECDSA()
      };
    }
  }
  
  // 生成密钥对
  async generateKeyPair() {
    const keys = {};
    
    // 生成后量子密钥对
    keys.pqc = await this.pqcAlgorithms.keyExchange.generateKeyPair();
    
    // 如果启用混合模式，也生成传统密钥对
    if (this.useHybridMode) {
      keys.classic = await this.classicAlgorithms.keyExchange.generateKeyPair();
    }
    
    return keys;
  }
  
  // 密钥交换
  async keyExchange(myPrivateKey, peerPublicKey) {
    let sharedSecret;
    
    if (this.useHybridMode) {
      // 混合模式：结合两种密钥交换的结果
      const pqcShared = await this.pqcAlgorithms.keyExchange.
        deriveSharedSecret(myPrivateKey.pqc, peerPublicKey.pqc);
      
      const classicShared = await this.classicAlgorithms.keyExchange.
        deriveSharedSecret(myPrivateKey.classic, peerPublicKey.classic);
      
      // 组合共享密钥
      sharedSecret = this.combineSharedSecrets(pqcShared, classicShared);
    } else {
      // 仅使用后量子密钥交换
      sharedSecret = await this.pqcAlgorithms.keyExchange.
        deriveSharedSecret(myPrivateKey.pqc, peerPublicKey.pqc);
    }
    
    return sharedSecret;
  }
  
  // 数字签名
  async sign(message, privateKey) {
    let signature;
    
    if (this.useHybridMode) {
      // 混合签名：分别签名并组合
      const pqcSignature = await this.pqcAlgorithms.signature.
        sign(message, privateKey.pqc);
      
      const classicSignature = await this.classicAlgorithms.signature.
        sign(message, privateKey.classic);
      
      // 组合签名
      signature = {
        pqc: pqcSignature,
        classic: classicSignature,
        format: "hybrid"
      };
    } else {
      // 仅使用后量子签名
      signature = {
        pqc: await this.pqcAlgorithms.signature.sign(message, privateKey.pqc),
        format: "pqc_only"
      };
    }
    
    return signature;
  }
  
  // 验证签名
  async verify(message, signature, publicKey) {
    let isValid;
    
    if (signature.format === "hybrid" && this.useHybridMode) {
      // 混合模式验证：两个签名都必须有效
      const pqcValid = await this.pqcAlgorithms.signature.
        verify(message, signature.pqc, publicKey.pqc);
      
      const classicValid = await this.classicAlgorithms.signature.
        verify(message, signature.classic, publicKey.classic);
      
      isValid = pqcValid && classicValid;
    } else {
      // 仅验证后量子签名
      isValid = await this.pqcAlgorithms.signature.
        verify(message, signature.pqc, publicKey.pqc);
    }
    
    return isValid;
  }
}

// Shamir密钥分享实现示例
class ShamirSecretSharing {
  constructor(threshold, totalShares) {
    this.threshold = threshold; // 需要多少分片才能恢复
    this.totalShares = totalShares; // 总共生成多少分片
    this.prime = this.getLargePrime(); // 使用大素数
  }
  
  // 生成大素数（简化示例，实际需要使用安全的素数生成算法）
  getLargePrime() {
    // 这里应该返回足够大的素数，这里使用示例值
    return 2n ** 256n - 189n; // 示例素数
  }
  
  // 分片密钥
  async splitSecret(secret) {
    // 将密钥转换为大整数
    const secretInt = BigInt('0x' + secret);
    
    // 生成随机系数
    const coefficients = [secretInt]; // 常数项是秘密本身
    for (let i = 1; i < this.threshold; i++) {
      // 生成随机系数
      const randomCoeff = this.generateRandomBigInt(this.prime);
      coefficients.push(randomCoeff);
    }
    
    // 生成份额
    const shares = [];
    for (let x = 1; x <= this.totalShares; x++) {
      let shareValue = coefficients[0]; // 开始于常数项
      
      // 计算多项式值: f(x) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x^2 + ... + a(t-1)*x^(t-1)
      for (let i = 1; i < coefficients.length; i++) {
        // x^i mod prime
        const xPower = this.powMod(BigInt(x), BigInt(i), this.prime);
        
        // a_i * x^i mod prime
        const term = (coefficients[i] * xPower) % this.prime;
        
        // 累加到结果
        shareValue = (shareValue + term) % this.prime;
      }
      
      // 添加份额 (x, f(x))
      shares.push({
        index: x,
        value: shareValue.toString(16).padStart(64, '0') // 转换为十六进制字符串
      });
    }
    
    return shares;
  }
  
  // 恢复密钥
  async recoverSecret(shares) {
    if (shares.length < this.threshold) {
      throw new Error(`需要至少 ${this.threshold} 个分片才能恢复密钥`);
    }
    
    // 将份额转换为大整数对
    const points = shares.map(share => ({
      x: BigInt(share.index),
      y: BigInt('0x' + share.value)
    }));
    
    // 使用拉格朗日插值法恢复常数项 (f(0))
    let secret = 0n;
    
    for (let i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
      const xi = points[i].x;
      const yi = points[i].y;
      
      let li = 1n; // 拉格朗日基多项式值
      
      for (let j = 0; j < points.length; j++) {
        if (i !== j) {
          const xj = points[j].x;
          
          // li(x) = Π (0 - xj) / (xi - xj) for j != i
          const numerator = (-xj) % this.prime;
          const denominator = (xi - xj) % this.prime;
          
          // 计算分母的模逆
          const denominatorInverse = this.modInverse(denominator, this.prime);
          
          // 计算项并累乘
          li = (li * numerator * denominatorInverse) % this.prime;
        }
      }
      
      // 累加到结果: f(0) = Σ yi * li(0)
      secret = (secret + yi * li) % this.prime;
    }
    
    // 确保结果为正
    if (secret < 0n) {
      secret += this.prime;
    }
    
    // 转换回十六进制字符串
    return secret.toString(16).padStart(64, '0');
  }
  
  // 大整数幂取模
  powMod(base, exponent, mod) {
    if (mod === 1n) return 0n;
    let result = 1n;
    base = base % mod;
    
    while (exponent > 0n) {
      if (exponent % 2n === 1n) {
        result = (result * base) % mod;
      }
      exponent = exponent >> 1n;
      base = (base * base) % mod;
    }
    
    return result;
  }
  
  // 模逆运算
  modInverse(a, m) {
    // 使用扩展欧几里得算法计算模逆
    let m0 = m;
    let y = 0n;
    let x = 1n;
    
    if (m === 1n) return 0n;
    
    while (a > 1n) {
      // q 是商
      let q = a / m;
      let t = m;
      
      // m 是余数，和欧几里得算法一样
      m = a % m;
      a = t;
      t = y;
      
      // 更新 y 和 x
      y = x - q * y;
      x = t;
    }
    
    // 使 x 为正
    if (x < 0n) {
      x = x + m0;
    }
    
    return x;
  }
  
  // 生成随机大整数
  generateRandomBigInt(max) {
    // 实际实现应该使用密码学安全的随机数生成器
    // 这里是简化示例
    const byteLength = Math.ceil(max.toString(2).length / 8);
    const randomBytes = new Uint8Array(byteLength);
    crypto.getRandomValues(randomBytes);
    
    // 转换为BigInt并取模
    let result = 0n;
    for (const byte of randomBytes) {
      result = (result << 8n) + BigInt(byte);
    }
    
    return result % max;
  }
}

// MPC热钱包简化实现示例
class MPCHotWallet {
  constructor(participants, threshold) {
    this.participants = participants; // 参与方列表
    this.threshold = threshold; // 阈值（需要多少参与方才能签名）
    this.myId = this.generateParticipantId(); // 当前参与方ID
    this.keyShares = new Map(); // 密钥分片
    this.connectionManager = new SecureConnectionManager();
    this.signatureProtocol = new ThresholdSignatureProtocol(threshold);
  }
  
  // 初始化MPC钱包（多方共同生成密钥分片）
  async initialize() {
    // 建立与其他参与方的安全连接
    await this.connectToParticipants();
    
    // 执行分布式密钥生成协议
    const dkgResult = await this.executeDistributedKeyGeneration();
    
    // 存储我的密钥分片
    this.keyShares.set('signingKey', dkgResult.myShare);
    this.publicKey = dkgResult.publicKey;
    
    // 验证密钥生成是否成功
    const verification = await this.verifyKeyGeneration(dkgResult);
    
    return {
      success: verification.success,
      publicKey: this.publicKey,
      participants: this.participants.length,
      threshold: this.threshold
    };
  }
  
  // 创建交易签名（多方协作）
  async createTransactionSignature(transactionData) {
    // 确保有足够的参与方在线
    const activeParticipants = await this.getActiveParticipants();
    if (activeParticipants.length < this.threshold) {
      throw new Error(`需要至少 ${this.threshold} 个活跃参与方`);
    }
    
    // 准备交易数据
    const preparedTransaction = this.prepareTransaction(transactionData);
    
    // 开始签名协议
    await this.signatureProtocol.initiateProtocol(preparedTransaction);
    
    // 收集其他参与方的签名份额
    const signatureShares = await this.collectSignatureShares();
    
    // 合并签名份额生成最终签名
    const finalSignature = await this.signatureProtocol.combineShares(
      signatureShares,
      this.keyShares.get('signingKey')
    );
    
    // 验证签名有效性
    const isValid = this.verifySignature(
      preparedTransaction,
      finalSignature,
      this.publicKey
    );
    
    if (!isValid) {
      throw new Error("生成的签名无效");
    }
    
    return {
      signature: finalSignature,
      publicKey: this.publicKey,
      transaction: preparedTransaction
    };
  }
  
  // 恢复丢失的密钥分片
  async recoverKeyShare(lostShareId, recoveryInfo) {
    // 验证恢复信息
    const isRecoveryInfoValid = await this.verifyRecoveryInfo(
      lostShareId,
      recoveryInfo
    );
    
    if (!isRecoveryInfoValid) {
      throw new Error("无效的恢复信息");
    }
    
    // 执行恢复协议
    const recoveryResult = await this.executeRecoveryProtocol(
      lostShareId,
      recoveryInfo
    );
    
    // 更新密钥分片
    if (recoveryResult.success) {
      this.keyShares.set(lostShareId, recoveryResult.recoveredShare);
    }
    
    return recoveryResult;
  }
  
  // 安全更新参与方
  async updateParticipants(newParticipants, oldParticipantsToRemove) {
    // 验证更新请求
    const isUpdateValid = await this.validateParticipantUpdate(
      newParticipants,
      oldParticipantsToRemove
    );
    
    if (!isUpdateValid) {
      throw new Error("无效的参与方更新");
    }
    
    // 执行安全更新协议
    const updateResult = await this.executeParticipantUpdate(
      newParticipants,
      oldParticipantsToRemove
    );
    
    // 更新本地状态
    if (updateResult.success) {
      // 移除旧参与方
      for (const oldParticipant of oldParticipantsToRemove) {
        this.participants = this.participants.filter(
          p => p.id !== oldParticipant.id
        );
      }
      
      // 添加新参与方
      this.participants.push(...newParticipants);
      
      // 更新密钥分片
      this.keyShares = updateResult.newKeyShares;
      this.publicKey = updateResult.newPublicKey;
    }
    
    return updateResult;
  }
}