《C++ 课程设计》

啊阿狸不会拉杆

发布于 2026-01-21 13:36:51

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引言

C++ 课程设计是提升编程能力的重要实践环节。本文带来三个有趣又实用的项目，每个项目都整合了 C++ 核心知识点，且所有代码都合并到单个 main.cpp 中，可直接编译运行，方便大家动手操作。

项目一：图书管理系统

项目介绍

这个图书管理系统就像一个智能图书管家，能实现图书添加、查询、借阅和归还等功能，让你在实践中掌握类与对象、容器等知识。

系统设计图

类图（PlantUML）

@startuml

class Book {

- string title

- string author

- string isbn

- bool isBorrowed

+ Book(string t, string a, string i)

+ string getTitle()

+ string getAuthor()

+ string getIsbn()

+ bool getIsBorrowed()

+ void setBorrowed(bool status)

}

class Reader {

- string name

- int readerId

- vector<Book*> borrowedBooks

+ Reader(string n, int id)

+ string getName()

+ int getReaderId()

+ vector<Book*> getBorrowedBooks()

+ void borrowBook(Book* book)

+ void returnBook(Book* book)

}

class Library {

- vector<Book*> books

- vector<Reader*> readers

+ void addBook(Book* book)

+ void addReader(Reader* reader)

+ Book* findBookByIsbn(string isbn)

+ vector<Book*> findBooksByTitle(string title)

+ vector<Book*> findBooksByAuthor(string author)

+ bool borrowBook(int readerId, string isbn)

+ bool returnBook(int readerId, string isbn)

+ void displayAllBooks()

}

Library "1" -- "*" Book : contains

Library "1" -- "*" Reader : manages

Reader "1" -- "*" Book : borrows

@enduml

借阅流程

完整代码（main.cpp）

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <vector>

using namespace std;

// Book类

class Book {

private:

string title; // 书名

string author; // 作者

string isbn; // ISBN号

bool isBorrowed; // 是否被借阅

public:

// 构造函数

Book(string t, string a, string i) : title(t), author(a), isbn(i), isBorrowed(false) {}

// 获取书名

string getTitle() { return title; }

// 获取作者

string getAuthor() { return author; }

// 获取ISBN号

string getIsbn() { return isbn; }

// 获取借阅状态

bool getIsBorrowed() { return isBorrowed; }

// 设置借阅状态

void setBorrowed(bool status) { isBorrowed = status; }

};

// Reader类

class Reader {

private:

string name; // 读者姓名

int readerId; // 读者ID

vector<Book*> borrowedBooks; // 借阅的图书列表

public:

// 构造函数

Reader(string n, int id) : name(n), readerId(id) {}

// 获取读者姓名

string getName() { return name; }

// 获取读者ID

int getReaderId() { return readerId; }

// 获取借阅的图书列表

vector<Book*> getBorrowedBooks() { return borrowedBooks; }

// 借阅图书

void borrowBook(Book* book) {

borrowedBooks.push_back(book);

book->setBorrowed(true);

}

// 归还图书

void returnBook(Book* book) {

for (auto it = borrowedBooks.begin(); it != borrowedBooks.end(); ++it) {

if (*it == book) {

borrowedBooks.erase(it);

book->setBorrowed(false);

break;

}

}

}

};

// Library类

class Library {

private:

vector<Book*> books; // 图书列表

vector<Reader*> readers; // 读者列表

public:

// 添加图书

void addBook(Book* book) {

books.push_back(book);

}

// 添加读者

void addReader(Reader* reader) {

readers.push_back(reader);

}

// 根据ISBN查找图书

Book* findBookByIsbn(string isbn) {

for (auto book : books) {

if (book->getIsbn() == isbn) {

return book;

}

}

return nullptr;

}

// 借阅图书

bool borrowBook(int readerId, string isbn) {

Reader* reader = nullptr;

for (auto r : readers) {

if (r->getReaderId() == readerId) {

reader = r;

break;

}

}

if (!reader) {

return false;

}

Book* book = findBookByIsbn(isbn);

if (!book || book->getIsBorrowed()) {

return false;

}

reader->borrowBook(book);

return true;

}

// 归还图书

bool returnBook(int readerId, string isbn) {

Reader* reader = nullptr;

for (auto r : readers) {

if (r->getReaderId() == readerId) {

reader = r;

break;

}

}

if (!reader) {

return false;

}

Book* book = findBookByIsbn(isbn);

if (!book) {

return false;

}

reader->returnBook(book);

return true;

}

// 显示所有图书

void displayAllBooks() {

cout << "图书馆所有图书：" << endl;

for (auto book : books) {

cout << "书名：" << book->getTitle() << "，作者：" << book->getAuthor()

<< "，ISBN：" << book->getIsbn() << "，状态："

<< (book->getIsBorrowed() ? "已借出" : "可借阅") << endl;

}

}

};

// 主函数

int main() {

// 创建图书馆

Library library;

// 添加图书

Book* book1 = new Book("C++ Primer", "Stanley B. Lippman", "9787115273262");

Book* book2 = new Book("Effective C++", "Scott Meyers", "9787115179384");

library.addBook(book1);

library.addBook(book2);

// 添加读者

Reader* reader1 = new Reader("张三", 1001);

library.addReader(reader1);

// 显示所有图书

library.displayAllBooks();

// 借阅图书

bool borrowSuccess = library.borrowBook(1001, "9787115273262");

if (borrowSuccess) {

cout << "借阅成功！" << endl;

} else {

cout << "借阅失败！" << endl;

}

// 显示所有图书

library.displayAllBooks();

// 归还图书

bool returnSuccess = library.returnBook(1001, "9787115273262");

if (returnSuccess) {

cout << "归还成功！" << endl;

} else {

cout << "归还失败！" << endl;

}

// 显示所有图书

library.displayAllBooks();

// 释放资源

delete book1;

delete book2;

delete reader1;

return 0;

}

项目二：学生成绩管理系统

项目介绍

该系统能帮助老师高效录入、查询和统计学生成绩，综合运用了容器、字符串操作等知识点，让成绩管理更轻松。

系统设计图

类图（PlantUML）

@startuml

class Student {

- string name

- int studentId

- map<string, double> scores

+ Student(string n, int id)

+ string getName()

+ int getStudentId()

+ void addScore(string course, double score)

+ double getScore(string course)

+ map<string, double> getAllScores()

}

class ScoreManager {

- vector<Student*> students

+ void addStudent(Student* student)

+ Student* findStudentById(int id)

+ void inputScores()

+ void queryScores(int studentId)

+ void statisticsScores(string course)

+ void displayAllStudents()

}

ScoreManager "1" -- "*" Student : manages

@enduml

成绩录入流程

完整代码（main.cpp）

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <vector>

#include <map>

using namespace std;

// Student类

class Student {

private:

string name; // 学生姓名

int studentId; // 学号

map<string, double> scores; // 各科成绩

public:

// 构造函数

Student(string n, int id) : name(n), studentId(id) {}

// 获取学生姓名

string getName() { return name; }

// 获取学号

int getStudentId() { return studentId; }

// 添加成绩

void addScore(string course, double score) {

scores[course] = score;

}

// 获取某科成绩

double getScore(string course) {

if (scores.find(course) != scores.end()) {

return scores[course];

}

return -1; // 表示未找到该课程成绩

}

// 获取所有成绩

map<string, double> getAllScores() { return scores; }

};

// ScoreManager类

class ScoreManager {

private:

vector<Student*> students; // 学生列表

public:

// 添加学生

void addStudent(Student* student) {

students.push_back(student);

}

// 根据学号查找学生

Student* findStudentById(int id) {

for (auto student : students) {

if (student->getStudentId() == id) {

return student;

}

}

return nullptr;

}

// 录入成绩

void inputScores() {

int studentId;

cout << "请输入学生ID：";

cin >> studentId;

Student* student = findStudentById(studentId);

if (!student) {

cout << "学生不存在！" << endl;

return;

}

string course;

double score;

char continueInput;

do {

cout << "请输入课程名称：";

cin >> course;

cout << "请输入成绩：";

cin >> score;

student->addScore(course, score);

cout << "是否继续录入成绩（y/n）：";

cin >> continueInput;

} while (continueInput == 'y' || continueInput == 'Y');

cout << "成绩录入完成！" << endl;

}

// 查询成绩

void queryScores(int studentId) {

Student* student = findStudentById(studentId);

if (!student) {

cout << "学生不存在！" << endl;

return;

}

cout << student->getName() << "（学号：" << student->getStudentId() << "）的成绩如下：" << endl;

map<string, double> scores = student->getAllScores();

if (scores.empty()) {

cout << "该学生暂无成绩记录！" << endl;

return;

}

for (auto& pair : scores) {

cout << pair.first << "：" << pair.second << endl;

}

}

// 统计成绩（计算某课程平均分）

void statisticsScores(string course) {

int count = 0;

double total = 0.0;

for (auto student : students) {

double score = student->getScore(course);

if (score != -1) {

total += score;

count++;

}

}

if (count == 0) {

cout << "没有该课程的成绩记录！" << endl;

return;

}

cout << course << "课程的平均分是：" << total / count << endl;

}

// 显示所有学生

void displayAllStudents() {

cout << "所有学生信息：" << endl;

for (auto student : students) {

cout << "姓名：" << student->getName() << "，学号：" << student->getStudentId() << endl;

}

}

};

// 主函数

int main() {

// 创建成绩管理器

ScoreManager scoreManager;

// 添加学生

Student* student1 = new Student("李四", 2001);

Student* student2 = new Student("王五", 2002);

scoreManager.addStudent(student1);

scoreManager.addStudent(student2);

// 显示所有学生

scoreManager.displayAllStudents();

// 录入成绩

scoreManager.inputScores();

// 查询成绩

scoreManager.queryScores(2001);

// 统计成绩

scoreManager.statisticsScores("数学");

// 释放资源

delete student1;

delete student2;

return 0;

}

项目三：简易银行账户系统

项目介绍

这个系统模拟银行账户操作，支持存款、取款、查询余额等功能，通过继承实现不同账户类型，还运用异常处理应对错误情况。

系统设计图

类图（PlantUML）

@startuml

abstract class Account {

- string accountNumber

- double balance

+ Account(string num, double bal)

+ string getAccountNumber()

+ double getBalance()

+ virtual void deposit(double amount)

+ virtual void withdraw(double amount) throw(exception)

+ virtual void displayBalance()

}

class SavingsAccount extends Account {

- double interestRate

+ SavingsAccount(string num, double bal, double rate)

+ void calculateInterest()

+ void withdraw(double amount) throw(exception)

}

class CreditAccount extends Account {

- double creditLimit

+ CreditAccount(string num, double bal, double limit)

+ void withdraw(double amount) throw(exception)

}

@enduml

取款流程

完整代码（main.cpp）

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <vector>

#include <exception>

using namespace std;

// 抽象基类Account

class Account {

protected:

string accountNumber; // 账号

double balance; // 余额

public:

// 构造函数

Account(string num, double bal) : accountNumber(num), balance(bal) {}

// 获取账号

string getAccountNumber() { return accountNumber; }

// 获取余额

double getBalance() { return balance; }

// 存款

virtual void deposit(double amount) {

if (amount > 0) {

balance += amount;

cout << "存款成功！当前余额：" << balance << endl;

} else {

cout << "存款金额必须大于0！" << endl;

}

}

// 取款，纯虚函数

virtual void withdraw(double amount) throw(exception) = 0;

// 显示余额

virtual void displayBalance() {

cout << "账号：" << accountNumber << "，当前余额：" << balance << endl;

}

// 析构函数

virtual ~Account() {}

};

// 储蓄账户类

class SavingsAccount : public Account {

private:

double interestRate; // 利率

public:

// 构造函数

SavingsAccount(string num, double bal, double rate) : Account(num, bal), interestRate(rate) {}

// 计算利息

void calculateInterest() {

double interest = balance * interestRate;

balance += interest;

cout << "计算利息成功！利息：" << interest << "，当前余额：" << balance << endl;

}

// 重写取款方法

void withdraw(double amount) throw(exception) {

if (amount <= 0) {

throw invalid_argument("取款金额必须大于0！");

}

if (amount > balance) {

throw runtime_error("取款金额超过余额！");

}

balance -= amount;

cout << "取款成功！取款金额：" << amount << "，当前余额：" << balance << endl;

}

};

// 信用账户类

class CreditAccount extends Account {

private:

double creditLimit; // 信用额度

public:

// 构造函数

CreditAccount(string num, double bal, double limit) : Account(num, bal), creditLimit(limit) {}

// 重写取款方法

void withdraw(double amount) throw(exception) {

if (amount <= 0) {

throw invalid_argument("取款金额必须大于0！");

}

if (amount > balance + creditLimit) {

throw runtime_error("取款金额超过信用额度！");

}

balance -= amount;

cout << "取款成功！取款金额：" << amount << "，当前余额：" << balance << endl;

}

};

// Bank类

class Bank {

private:

vector<Account*> accounts; // 账户列表

public:

// 添加账户

void addAccount(Account* account) {

accounts.push_back(account);

}

// 根据账号查找账户

Account* findAccount(string accountNumber) {

for (auto account : accounts) {

if (account->getAccountNumber() == accountNumber) {

return account;

}

}

return nullptr;

}

// 显示所有账户

void displayAllAccounts() {

cout << "所有账户信息：" << endl;

for (auto account : accounts) {

account->displayBalance();

}

}

};

// 主函数

int main() {

// 创建银行

Bank bank;

// 添加储蓄账户和信用账户

Account* savingsAccount = new SavingsAccount("6222021234567890123", 10000, 0.02);

Account* creditAccount = new CreditAccount("6222031234567890124", 5000, 3000);

bank.addAccount(savingsAccount);

bank.addAccount(creditAccount);

// 显示所有账户

bank.displayAllAccounts();

// 储蓄账户存款

savingsAccount->deposit(5000);

// 储蓄账户取款

try {

savingsAccount->withdraw(3000);

} catch (exception& e) {

cout << "取款失败：" << e.what() << endl;

}

// 储蓄账户计算利息

dynamic_cast<SavingsAccount*>(savingsAccount)->calculateInterest();

// 信用账户取款

try {

creditAccount->withdraw(6000);

} catch (exception& e) {

cout << "取款失败：" << e.what() << endl;

}

// 显示所有账户

bank.displayAllAccounts();

// 释放资源

delete savingsAccount;

delete creditAccount;

return 0;

}