在Bash中使用getopts检索单个选项的多个参数
在Bash中使用getopts检索单个选项的多个参数
提问于 2011-09-23 21:39:03
我需要getopts的帮助。
我创建了一个Bash脚本，在运行时如下所示：
$ foo.sh -i环境-d目录-s子目录-f文件
当处理来自每个标志的一个参数时，它可以正常工作。但是，当我从每个标志调用几个参数时，我不确定如何从getopts的变量中提取多个变量信息。
while getopts ":i:d:s:f:" opt
do
case $opt in
i ) initial=$OPTARG;;
d ) dir=$OPTARG;;
s ) sub=$OPTARG;;
f ) files=$OPTARG;;
esac
done在获取选项之后，我想从变量构建目录结构
foo.sh -i test -d directory -s subdirectory -s subdirectory2 -f file1 file2 file3那么目录结构将是
/test/directory/subdirectory/file1
/test/directory/subdirectory/file2
/test/directory/subdirectory/file3
/test/directory/subdirectory2/file1
/test/directory/subdirectory2/file2
/test/directory/subdirectory2/file3有什么想法吗？
回答 11
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2013-12-24 21:32:47
您可以多次使用同一选项，并将所有值添加到数组中。
对于这里非常具体的原始问题，Ryan的mkdir -p解决方案显然是最好的。
但是，对于使用getopts从同一选项获取多个值的更一般问题，如下所示：
#!/bin/bash
while getopts "m:" opt; do
case $opt in
m) multi+=("$OPTARG");;
#...
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND -1))
echo "The first value of the array 'multi' is '$multi'"
echo "The whole list of values is '${multi[@]}'"
echo "Or:"
for val in "${multi[@]}"; do
echo " - $val"
done输出将为：
$ /tmp/t
The first value of the array 'multi' is ''
The whole list of values is ''
Or:
$ /tmp/t -m "one arg with spaces"
The first value of the array 'multi' is 'one arg with spaces'
The whole list of values is 'one arg with spaces'
Or:
- one arg with spaces
$ /tmp/t -m one -m "second argument" -m three
The first value of the array 'multi' is 'one'
The whole list of values is 'one second argument three'
Or:
- one
- second argument
- threeStack Overflow用户
发布于 2012-05-30 22:10:21
我知道这个问题很老，但我想把这个答案放在这里，以防有人来找答案。
像BASH这样的Shells已经支持像这样递归地创建目录，所以实际上并不需要脚本。例如，最初的海报想要这样的东西：
$ foo.sh -i test -d directory -s subdirectory -s subdirectory2 -f file1 file2 file3
/test/directory/subdirectory/file1
/test/directory/subdirectory/file2
/test/directory/subdirectory/file3
/test/directory/subdirectory2/file1
/test/directory/subdirectory2/file2
/test/directory/subdirectory2/file3使用以下命令行可以轻松完成此操作：
pong:~/tmp
[10] rmclean$ mkdir -pv test/directory/{subdirectory,subdirectory2}/{file1,file2,file3}
mkdir: created directory ‘test’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory/file3’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file3’或者更短一点：
pong:~/tmp
[12] rmclean$ mkdir -pv test/directory/{subdirectory,subdirectory2}/file{1,2,3}
mkdir: created directory ‘test’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory/file3’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file3’或者更短，更符合标准：
pong:~/tmp
[14] rmclean$ mkdir -pv test/directory/subdirectory{1,2}/file{1,2,3}
mkdir: created directory ‘test’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1/file3’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file3’或者最后，使用序列：
pong:~/tmp
[16] rmclean$ mkdir -pv test/directory/subdirectory{1..2}/file{1..3}
mkdir: created directory ‘test’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory1/file3’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file1’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file2’
mkdir: created directory ‘test/directory/subdirectory2/file3’Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2011-09-23 22:10:23
getopts选项只能接受零个或一个参数。您可能希望更改接口以删除-f选项，而只迭代其余的非选项参数
usage: foo.sh -i end -d dir -s subdir file [...]所以,
while getopts ":i:d:s:" opt; do
case "$opt" in
i) initial=$OPTARG ;;
d) dir=$OPTARG ;;
s) sub=$OPTARG ;;
esac
done
shift $(( OPTIND - 1 ))
path="/$initial/$dir/$sub"
mkdir -p "$path"
for file in "$@"; do
touch "$path/$file"
done页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7529856
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