blocks|key|3948074|text|看看getpass模块|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3948075|import+getpass
getpass.getuser()
'kostya'|code-block|syntax|javascript|3948076|可用性:+Unix、Windows|3948077|3948078|附注：Per+comment+below“此函数查看各种环境变量的值以确定用户名。因此，不应将此函数用于访问控制目的(或任何其他目的，因为它允许任何用户模拟任何其他目的)。”|3948079|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/getpass.html^0|2|7|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|O|$P|$5|Q|R|S|C|$T|U]]]]

Look at <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/getpass.html" rel="noreferrer">getpass</a> module

<pre><code>import getpass
getpass.getuser()
'kostya'
</code></pre>

Availability: Unix, Windows

<hr>

p.s. Per comment below "this function looks at the values of various environment variables to determine the user name. Therefore, this function should not be relied on for access control purposes (or possibly any other purpose, since it allows any user to impersonate any other)."

blocks|key|4791748|text|最好的方法是将os.getuid()与pwd.getpwuid()结合使用|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|4791749|import+os
import+pwd

def+get_username():
++++return+pwd.getpwuid(+os.getuid()+)[+0+]|code-block|syntax|javascript|4791750|有关更多详细信息，请参阅pwd文档：|4791751|http://docs.python.org/library/pwd.html|4791752|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|7|B|J|E|0|0|0|0|13|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@$9|W|A|X|B|C]|$9|Y|A|Z|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@$9|13|A|14|1|15]]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|N]]]]

You best bet would be to combine <code>os.getuid()</code> with <code>pwd.getpwuid()</code>:

<pre><code>import os
import pwd

def get_username():
 return pwd.getpwuid( os.getuid() )[ 0 ]
</code></pre>

Refer to the pwd docs for more details:

<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/pwd.html" rel="noreferrer">http://docs.python.org/library/pwd.html</a>

blocks|key|728201|text|您还可以使用：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|728202|+os.getlogin()|code-block|syntax|javascript|728203|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can also use:

<pre><code> os.getlogin()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|728194|text|您可能可以使用：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|728195|os.environ.get('USERNAME')|code-block|syntax|javascript|728196|或|728197|os.environ.get('USER')|728198|但这并不安全，因为环境变量是可以更改的。|728199|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

You can probably use:

<pre><code>os.environ.get('USERNAME')
</code></pre>

or

<pre><code>os.environ.get('USER')
</code></pre>

But it's not going to be safe because environment variables can be changed.

blocks|key|4791683|text|这些可能会起作用。我不知道它们作为服务运行时的行为。它们不可移植，但这正是os.name和if语句的用途。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|4791684|win32api.GetUserName()

win32api.GetUserNameEx(...)+|code-block|syntax|javascript|4791685|请参阅：http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/get-the-owner-of-a-file.html|4791686|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/get-the-owner-of-a-file.html^0|11|7|19|2|0|0|4|21|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|10|8|@]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

These might work. I don't know how they behave when running as a service. They aren't portable, but that's what <code>os.name</code> and <code>if</code>statements are for.

<pre><code>win32api.GetUserName()

win32api.GetUserNameEx(...) 
</code></pre>

See:
<a href="http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/get-the-owner-of-a-file.html" rel="noreferrer">http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/get-the-owner-of-a-file.html</a>

blocks|key|3948251|text|如果你需要它来获取用户的home目录，下面可以被认为是可移植的(至少是win32和linux+)，是标准库的一部分。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3948252|>>>+os.path.expanduser('~')
'C:\\Documents+and+Settings\\johnsmith'|code-block|syntax|javascript|3948253|你也可以解析这样的字符串，只得到最后一个路径组件(即.用户名)。|3948254|请参阅：os.path.expanduser|offset|length|3948255|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/2/library/os.path.html#os.path.expanduser^0|0|0|0|4|I|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$K|Y|L|Z|1|10]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|T]]]]

If you are needing this to get user's home dir, below could be considered as portable (win32 and linux at least), part of a standard library.

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; os.path.expanduser('~')
'C:\\Documents and Settings\\johnsmith'
</code></pre>

Also you could parse such string to get only last path component (ie. user name).

See: <a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/os.path.html#os.path.expanduser" rel="noreferrer">os.path.expanduser</a>

blocks|key|1222927|text|对我来说，使用os模块在可移植性方面是最好的:在Linux和Windows上都能工作得最好。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1222928|import+os

#+Gives+user's+home+directory
userhome+=+os.path.expanduser('~')++++++++++

print+"User's+home+Dir:+"+%2B+userhome

#+Gives+username+by+splitting+path+based+on+OS
print+"username:+"+%2B+os.path.split(userhome)[-1]+++++++++++|code-block|syntax|javascript|1222929|输出：|1222930|Windows：|1222931|1222932|用户的主目录:+C:\Users\myuser|blockquote|1222933|1222934|用户名:+myuser|1222935|1222936|Linux：|1222937|1222938|用户的主目录:+/root|1222939|1222940|用户名:+root|1222941|1222942|不需要安装任何模块或扩展。|1222943|entityMap^0|7|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|19|8|@$9|1A|A|1B|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|R|7|1G|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Y|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|R|7|1M|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|11|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|17|3|-4|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|18|$]]

To me using <code>os</code> module looks the best for portability: Works best on both Linux and Windows.

<pre><code>import os

# Gives user's home directory
userhome = os.path.expanduser('~') 

print "User's home Dir: " + userhome

# Gives username by splitting path based on OS
print "username: " + os.path.split(userhome)[-1] 
</code></pre>

Output:

Windows:

<blockquote>
 User's home Dir: C:\Users\myuser
 
 username: myuser
</blockquote>

Linux:

<blockquote>
 User's home Dir: /root
 
 username: root
</blockquote>

No need of installing any modules or extensions.

blocks|key|1222865|text|结合pwd和getpass方法，基于其他答案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1222866|try:
++import+pwd
except+ImportError:
++import+getpass
++pwd+=+None

def+current_user():
++if+pwd:
++++return+pwd.getpwuid(os.geteuid()).pw_name
++else:
++++return+getpass.getuser()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1222867|entityMap^0|2|3|6|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

Combined <code>pwd</code> and <code>getpass</code> approach, based on other answers:

<pre><code>try:
 import pwd
except ImportError:
 import getpass
 pwd = None

def current_user():
 if pwd:
 return pwd.getpwuid(os.geteuid()).pw_name
 else:
 return getpass.getuser()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3948523|text|psutil提供了一种可移植的方法，它不像getpass解决方案那样使用环境变量。它不太容易出现安全问题，到目前为止应该是公认的答案。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3948524|import+psutil

def+get_username():
++++return+psutil.Process().username()|code-block|syntax|javascript|3948525|在幕后，这结合了unix的基于getpwuid的方法和Windows的GetTokenInformation方法。|3948526|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil^0|L|7|0|6|0|0|0|F|8|Z|J|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@$9|X|A|Y|1|Z]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|11|8|@$9|12|A|13|B|C]|$9|14|A|15|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

<a href="https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil" rel="noreferrer">psutil</a> provides a portable way that doesn't use environment variables like the <code>getpass</code> solution. It is less prone to security issues, and should probably be the accepted answer as of today.
<pre><code>import psutil

def get_username():
 return psutil.Process().username()
</code></pre>
Under the hood, this combines the <code>getpwuid</code> based method for unix and the <code>GetTokenInformation</code> method for Windows.

blocks|key|1222970|text|至少对于UNIX，这是可行的.|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1222971|import+commands
username+=+commands.getoutput("echo+$(whoami)")
print+username|code-block|syntax|javascript|1222972|编辑：我刚查了一下，这在Windows和UNIX上都能用：|offset|length|style|BOLD|1222973|import+commands
username+=+commands.getoutput("whoami")|1222974|在UNIX上，它返回您的用户名，但在Windows上，它返回您的用户组、斜杠和用户名。|1222975|--|1222976|也就是说。|1222977|UNIX返回："username“|1222978|Windows返回："domain/username“|1222979|1222980|这很有趣，但可能不是很理想，除非你在终端上做一些事情……在这种情况下，您可能一开始就会使用os.system。例如，不久前我需要将我的用户添加到一个组中，所以我就这样做了(请注意，这是在Linux中)|CODE|1222981|import+os
os.system("sudo+usermod+-aG+\"group_name\"+$(whoami)")
print+"You+have+been+added+to+\"group_name\"!+Please+log+out+for+this+to+take+effect"|1222982|我觉得这样更容易阅读和，你不必导入pwd或getpass。|1222983|我还觉得，在Windows的某些应用程序中，拥有“域/用户”可能会有所帮助。|1222984|entityMap^0|0|0|0|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|19|9|0|0|A|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1C|8|@$I|1D|J|1E|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|R|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|6|7|1M|8|@$I|1N|J|1O|K|11]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|D|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|1Q|8|@$I|1R|J|1S|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|17|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|18|3|-4|5|6|7|1U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|19|$]]

For UNIX, at least, this works...
<pre><code>import commands
username = commands.getoutput(&quot;echo $(whoami)&quot;)
print username
</code></pre>
edit:
I just looked it up and this works on Windows and UNIX:
<pre><code>import commands
username = commands.getoutput(&quot;whoami&quot;)
</code></pre>
On UNIX it returns your username, but on Windows, it returns your user's group, slash, your username.
--
I.E.
UNIX returns: &quot;username&quot;
Windows returns: &quot;domain/username&quot;
--
It's interesting, but probably not ideal unless you are doing something in the terminal anyway... in which case you would probably be using <code>os.system</code> to begin with. For example, a while ago I needed to add my user to a group, so I did (this is in Linux, mind you)
<pre><code>import os
os.system(&quot;sudo usermod -aG \&quot;group_name\&quot; $(whoami)&quot;)
print &quot;You have been added to \&quot;group_name\&quot;! Please log out for this to take effect&quot;
</code></pre>
I feel like that is easier to read and you don't have to import pwd or getpass.
I also feel like having &quot;domain/user&quot; could be helpful in certain applications in Windows.

blocks|key|728536|text|只使用标准的python库：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|728537|from+os+import+environ,getcwd
getUser+=+lambda:+environ["USERNAME"]+if+"C:"+in+getcwd()+else+environ["USER"]
user+=+getUser()|code-block|syntax|javascript|728538|适用于Windows+(如果您使用的是C驱动器)、Mac或Linux|728539|或者，您可以使用立即调用删除一行：|728540|from+os+import+environ,getcwd
user+=+(lambda:+environ["USERNAME"]+if+"C:"+in+getcwd()+else+environ["USER"])()|728541|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Using only standard python libs:
<pre><code>from os import environ,getcwd
getUser = lambda: environ[&quot;USERNAME&quot;] if &quot;C:&quot; in getcwd() else environ[&quot;USER&quot;]
user = getUser()
</code></pre>
Works on Windows (if you are on drive C), Mac or Linux
Alternatively, you could remove one line with an immediate invocation:
<pre><code>from os import environ,getcwd
user = (lambda: environ[&quot;USERNAME&quot;] if &quot;C:&quot; in getcwd() else environ[&quot;USER&quot;])()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3948180|text|不久前，我编写了plx模块，以便在Unix和Windows上以可移植的方式获取用户名(其中包括)：http://www.decalage.info/en/python/plx|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3948181|用法：|3948182|import+plx

username+=+plx.get_username()|code-block|syntax|javascript|3948183|(它需要Windows上的win32扩展)|3948184|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.decalage.info/en/python/plx^0|1D|12|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$A|V|B|W|1|X]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|T]]]]

I wrote the plx module some time ago to get the user name in a portable way on Unix and Windows (among other things):
<a href="http://www.decalage.info/en/python/plx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.decalage.info/en/python/plx</a>

Usage:

<pre><code>import plx

username = plx.get_username()
</code></pre>

(it requires win32 extensions on Windows)

blocks|key|1230806|text|您可以通过Windows+API获取Windows上的当前用户名，尽管通过ctypes+(GetCurrentProcess+OpenProcessToken+GetTokenInformation+LookupAccountSid→FFI+)调用它有点麻烦。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1230807|我写了一个小模块，可以直接从Python中执行此操作，getuser.py。用法：|1230808|import+getuser
print(getuser.lookup_username())|code-block|syntax|javascript|1230809|它可以在Windows和*nix上运行(后者使用pwd模块，如其他答案中所述)。|style|CODE|1230810|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms683179|1|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379295|2|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446671|3|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379166|4|https://gist.github.com/mkropat/7559409^0|19|H|0|1R|G|1|28|J|2|2S|G|3|0|R|A|4|0|0|O|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@$A|15|B|16|1|17]|$A|18|B|19|1|1A]|$A|1B|B|1C|1|1D]|$A|1E|B|1F|1|1G]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|9|@$A|1I|B|1J|1|1K]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1M|8|@$A|1N|B|1O|M|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|V]]|W|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|X]]|Y|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|Z]]|10|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|11]]|12|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|13]]]]

You can get the current username on Windows by going through the Windows API, although it's a bit cumbersome to invoke via the ctypes FFI (<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms683179" rel="nofollow">GetCurrentProcess</a> → <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379295" rel="nofollow">OpenProcessToken</a> → <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446671" rel="nofollow">GetTokenInformation</a> → <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379166" rel="nofollow">LookupAccountSid</a>).

I wrote a small module that can do this straight from Python, <a href="https://gist.github.com/mkropat/7559409" rel="nofollow">getuser.py</a>. Usage:

<pre><code>import getuser
print(getuser.lookup_username())
</code></pre>

It works on both Windows and *nix (the latter uses the <code>pwd</code> module as described in the other answers).

blocks|key|1223042|text|上述方法在我的例子中都不起作用(向下滚动到实际的解决方案)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1223043|我在所有解决方案中遇到的问题是在使用sudo运行命令时用户名错误|offset|length|style|CODE|1223044|1223045|psutil解决方案：|unordered-list-item|1223046|1223047|$+python3
>>>+import+psutil
>>>+psutil.Process().username()
'ubuntu'+#+OK!

$+sudo+su
$+python3
>>>+import+psutil
>>>+psutil.Process().username()
'root'+#+OK!

$+sudo+python3
>>>+import+psutil
>>>+psutil.Process().username()
'root'+#+WRONG,+should+be+ubuntu!|code-block|syntax|javascript|1223048|1223049|getpass解决方案：|1223050|1223051|$+python3
>>>+import+getpass
>>>+getpass.getuser()
'ubuntu'+#+OK!

$+sudo+su
$+python3
>>>+import+getpass
>>>+getpass.getuser()
'root'+#+OK!

$+sudo+python3
>>>+import+getpass
>>>+getpass.getuser()
'root'+#+WRONG,+should+be+ubuntu!|1223052|1223053|pwd+%2B+os.getuid解决方案：|1223054|1223055|$+python3
>>>+import+os,+pwd
>>>+pwd.getpwuid(+os.getuid()+)[+0+]
'ubuntu'+#+OK!

$+sudo+su
$+python3
>>>+import+os,+pwd
>>>+pwd.getpwuid(+os.getuid()+)[+0+]
'root'+#+OK!

$+sudo+python3
>>>+import+getpass
>>>+getpass.getuser()
'root'+#+WRONG,+should+be+ubuntu!|1223056|1223057|os.getlogin的工作原理略有不同，但仍然是错误的：|1223058|1223059|$+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+os.getlogin()
'ubuntu'+#+OK!

$+sudo+su
$+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+os.getlogin()
'ubuntu'+#+WRONG,+should+be+root!


$+sudo+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+os.getlogin()
'ubuntu'+#+OK!|1223060|1223061|os.getenv给出了相同的结果：|1223062|1223063|$+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+os.getenv('SUDO_USER',+os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu'+#+OK!

$+sudo+su
$+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+os.getenv('SUDO_USER',+os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu'+#+WRONG,+should+be+root!


$+sudo+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+os.getenv('SUDO_USER',+os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu'+#+OK!|1223064|在sudo+python3情况下，切换SUDO_USER和USER的结果是错误的。|1223065|实际解决方案(不可移植)|1223066|解决方案有点棘手，并且依赖于默认的根主目录位置，但适用于所有情况：|1223067|$+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+'root'+if+os.path.expanduser('~')+==+'/root'+else+os.getenv('SUDO_USER',+os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu'+#+OK!

$+sudo+su
$+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+'root'+if+os.path.expanduser('~')+==+'/root'+else+os.getenv('SUDO_USER',+os.getenv('USER'))
'root'+#++OK!

$+sudo+python3
>>>+import+os
>>>+'root'+if+os.path.expanduser('~')+==+'/root'+else+os.getenv('SUDO_USER',+os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu'+#+OK!|1223068|entityMap^0|0|I|4|0|0|0|6|0|0|0|0|0|7|0|0|0|0|0|3|6|9|0|0|0|0|0|B|0|0|0|0|0|9|0|0|0|1|C|J|9|T|4|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1Q|8|@$D|1R|E|1S|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|K|7|1U|8|@$D|1V|E|1W|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|O|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|R|3|-4|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|K|7|20|8|@$D|21|E|22|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|W|5|O|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|X|3|-4|5|6|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|K|7|26|8|@$D|27|E|28|F|G]|$D|29|E|2A|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|-4|5|6|7|2B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|11|3|12|5|O|7|2C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|13|3|-4|5|6|7|2D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|K|7|2E|8|@$D|2F|E|2G|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|2H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|O|7|2I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|19|3|-4|5|6|7|2J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|K|7|2K|8|@$D|2L|E|2M|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1C|3|-4|5|6|7|2N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1D|3|1E|5|O|7|2O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|1F|3|1G|5|6|7|2P|8|@$D|2Q|E|2R|F|G]|$D|2S|E|2T|F|G]|$D|2U|E|2V|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1H|3|1I|5|6|7|2W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1J|3|1K|5|6|7|2X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1L|3|1M|5|O|7|2Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|1N|3|-4|5|6|7|2Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1O|$]]

None of the above worked in my case (scroll down to the actual solution). 
The problem I'm getting with all solutions is the wrong username when running commands with <code>sudo</code>:
<ul>
<li><code>psutil</code> soulution:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import psutil
&gt;&gt;&gt; psutil.Process().username()
'ubuntu' # OK!

$ sudo su
$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import psutil
&gt;&gt;&gt; psutil.Process().username()
'root' # OK!

$ sudo python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import psutil
&gt;&gt;&gt; psutil.Process().username()
'root' # WRONG, should be ubuntu!
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>getpass</code> solution:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import getpass
&gt;&gt;&gt; getpass.getuser()
'ubuntu' # OK!

$ sudo su
$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import getpass
&gt;&gt;&gt; getpass.getuser()
'root' # OK!

$ sudo python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import getpass
&gt;&gt;&gt; getpass.getuser()
'root' # WRONG, should be ubuntu!
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>pwd</code> + <code>os.getuid</code> solution:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os, pwd
&gt;&gt;&gt; pwd.getpwuid( os.getuid() )[ 0 ]
'ubuntu' # OK!

$ sudo su
$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os, pwd
&gt;&gt;&gt; pwd.getpwuid( os.getuid() )[ 0 ]
'root' # OK!

$ sudo python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import getpass
&gt;&gt;&gt; getpass.getuser()
'root' # WRONG, should be ubuntu!
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>os.getlogin</code> works a bit different, but still wrong:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getlogin()
'ubuntu' # OK!

$ sudo su
$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getlogin()
'ubuntu' # WRONG, should be root!


$ sudo python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getlogin()
'ubuntu' # OK!
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>os.getenv</code> gives the same results:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getenv('SUDO_USER', os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu' # OK!

$ sudo su
$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getenv('SUDO_USER', os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu' # WRONG, should be root!


$ sudo python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getenv('SUDO_USER', os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu' # OK!
</code></pre>
Switching <code>SUDO_USER</code> and <code>USER</code> gives the wrong result in <code>sudo python3</code> case.
<h2>Actual solution (non-portable)</h2>
Solution is a bit tricky and rely on the default root home directory location but works for all cases:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; 'root' if os.path.expanduser('~') == '/root' else os.getenv('SUDO_USER', os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu' # OK!

$ sudo su
$ python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; 'root' if os.path.expanduser('~') == '/root' else os.getenv('SUDO_USER', os.getenv('USER'))
'root' # OK!

$ sudo python3
&gt;&gt;&gt; import os
&gt;&gt;&gt; 'root' if os.path.expanduser('~') == '/root' else os.getenv('SUDO_USER', os.getenv('USER'))
'ubuntu' # OK!
</code></pre>

Is there a portable way to get the current user's username in Python (i.e., one that works under both Linux and Windows, at least). It would work like <code>os.getuid</code>:

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getuid()
42
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.getusername()
'slartibartfast'
</code></pre>

I googled around and was surprised not to find a definitive answer (although perhaps I was just googling poorly). The <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-pwd.html" rel="noreferrer">pwd</a> module provides a relatively easy way to achieve this under, say, Linux, but it is not present on Windows. Some of the search results suggested that getting the username under Windows can be complicated in certain circumstances (e.g., running as a Windows service), although I haven't verified that.

Is there a portable way to get the current username in Python?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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在Python中有没有一种可移植的方法来获取当前用户的用户名(也就是说，至少可以在Linux和Windows下工作)。它会像os.getuid一样工作>>> os.getuid()42>>> os.getusername()'slartibartfast'我用谷歌搜索了一下，惊讶地发现没有找到一个明确的答案(尽管我可能只是谷歌得不好)。模块提供了一种在Linux下实现这一点的相对简单的方法，但它在

问在Python中有没有一种可移植的方法来获取当前的用户名？
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