我是cython
和c
的新手。我想使用cython来提高代码的性能。我希望在代码中使用gsl_integration
库进行集成。更新:test_gsl.pyx
cdef extern from "math.h":
double log(double x) nogil
cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_math.h":
ctypedef struct gsl_function:
double (* function) (double x, void * params)
void * params
cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_integration.h":
ctypedef struct gsl_integration_workspace
gsl_integration_workspace * gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(size_t n)
void gsl_integration_workspace_free(gsl_integration_workspace * w)
int gsl_integration_qags(const gsl_function * f, double a, double b, double epsabs, double epsrel, size_t limit, gsl_integration_workspace * workspace, double *result, double *abserr)
cdef double do_callback(double x, void* params):
return (<MyCallback>params).eval(x)
cdef class MyCallback:
cdef double a
def __init__(self, a):
self.a = a
cpdef double eval(self, double x):
return self.a * log(x+1) * x
def call_gsl(self):
cdef gsl_integration_workspace* w =gsl_integration_workspace_alloc (1000)
cdef gsl_function F
F.function = &do_callback
F.params = <void*>self
cdef double result = 3, error = 5
gsl_integration_qags(&F, 0, 1, 0, 1e-7, 1000, w, &result, &error)
print result, error
gsl_integration_workspace_free(w)
此.pyx
代码使用以下setup.py
文件编译,不会引发任何错误消息:
from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext
import numpy
import sys
ext = Extension("test_gsl", ["test_gsl.pyx"],
include_dirs=[numpy.get_include(),
"/usr/include/"],
library_dirs=["/usr/lib/"],
libraries=["gsl"])
setup(ext_modules=[ext],
cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext})
或者即使使用命令行:
cython test_gsl.pyx
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/vol/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages -I/usr/include -I/vol/anaconda/include/python2.7 -c test_gsl.c `pkg-config --cflags gsl`
gcc -pthread -shared test_gsl.o -L/usr/lib -L/vol/anaconda/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas -lpython2.7 `pkg-config --libs gsl` -o test_gsl.so
在python中导入时,它确实会引发错误:
>>> import pyximport; pyximport.install()
(None, <pyximport.pyximport.PyxImporter object at 0x7f0c7e888150>)
>>> import gsl
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Cython-0.20.1-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/pyximport/pyximport.py", line 431, in load_module
language_level=self.language_level)
File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Cython-0.20.1-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/pyximport/pyximport.py", line 210, in load_module
mod = imp.load_dynamic(name, so_path)
ImportError: Building module gsl failed: ['ImportError: /users/dalek/.pyxbld/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/gsl.so: undefined symbol: gsl_integration_qags\n']
gsl_integration_qags
已经被正确地定义了,我不明白为什么我再次得到这个错误?
发布于 2014-07-07 02:30:37
在用以下命令编译它之后:
cython test_gsl.pyx
gcc -m64 -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -Wstrict-prototypes -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/usr/include -I/vol/dalek/anaconda/include/python2.7 -c test_gsl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/test_gsl.o
gcc -pthread -shared -L/usr/lib/ -L/vol/dalek/anaconda/lib -o test_gsl.so build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/test_gsl.o -lpython2.7 -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm
如果我在没有test_gsl
的python中导入pyximport
,它就能很好地工作。因为pyximport
不支持针对外部库的链接。
发布于 2014-07-02 14:17:37
第一条规则:过早优化是万恶之源。 第二条规则:不惜一切代价遵循第一条规则。 第三条规则:如果没有必要使用C++复杂特性(与C相比,这包括类)(即使您像我一样是C++狂热者)。如果将C++与C库混合使用,则尤其如此。
我看不出为什么C++类在您的示例中是必需的,特别是因为您通过这样做创建了不必要的间接(包装器)!如果您使用编译语言编写代码以提高性能,则需要避免不必要的步骤和间接操作!你无缘无故地让你的生活变得困难,尤其是因为C中的GSL例程将完成程序中99.9%的计算。为什么不直接使用像cython-gsl这样的东西,然后继续编写类似的代码(取自cython示例文件夹)。由于python没有做任何繁重的工作(假设foo()函数将被转换成C-情况似乎是这样),这是更短、更简洁的,而且我也看不出它为什么会表现得不好!
from cython_gsl cimport *
ctypedef double * double_ptr ctypedef void * void_ptr
cdef double foo(double x, void * params) nogil:
cdef double alpha, f
alpha = (<double_ptr> params)[0]
f = log(alpha*x) / sqrt(x)
return f
def main():
cdef gsl_integration_workspace * w
cdef double result, error, expected, alpha
w = gsl_integration_workspace_alloc (1000)
expected = -4.0
alpha = 1
cdef gsl_function F
F.function = &foo
F.params = &alpha
gsl_integration_qags (&F, 0, 1, 0, 1e-7, 1000, w, &result, &error)
print "result = % .18f\n" % result
print "estimated error = % .18f\n" % error
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24513246
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