如何使用bcrypt/SQLAlchemy解决“没有编码的字符串参数”错误？

import bcrypt
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

engine = create_engine('数据库连接字符串')
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

Base = declarative_base()

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(String, primary_key=True)
    password = Column(String)

# 加密密码
password = '原始密码'.encode('utf-8')
hashed_password = bcrypt.hashpw(password, bcrypt.gensalt())

# 验证密码
password_to_check = '待验证密码'.encode('utf-8')
if bcrypt.checkpw(password_to_check, hashed_password):
    print('密码验证通过')
else:
    print('密码验证失败')

# 创建用户
user = User(id='用户ID', password=hashed_password)
session.add(user)
session.commit()

# 查询用户
user = session.query(User).filter_by(id='用户ID').first()