如何模拟React组件中使用的依赖项？

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

const MyComponent = () => {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    // 模拟异步获取数据
    const fetchData = async () => {
      const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data');
      const result = await response.json();
      setData(result);
    };

    fetchData();
  }, []); // 传入空数组作为依赖项，表示只在组件挂载时执行一次

  return (
    <div>
      {data ? (
        <ul>
          {data.map((item) => (
            <li key={item.id}>{item.name}</li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      ) : (
        <p>Loading...</p>
      )}
    </div>
  );
};

export default MyComponent;