如何正确设置/读取url中的查询参数？

// 创建一个新的URL对象
let url = new URL('https://example.com/search');

// 使用URLSearchParams添加查询参数
let params = new URLSearchParams();
params.append('q', 'apple');
params.append('page', '2');

// 将查询参数附加到URL上
url.search = params.toString();

console.log(url.toString()); // 输出: https://example.com/search?q=apple&page=2

<form action="https://example.com/search" method="get">
  <input type="text" name="q" value="apple">
  <input type="number" name="page" value="2">
  <button type="submit">Search</button>
</form>

// 获取当前页面的URL
let url = new URL(window.location.href);

// 获取查询参数对象
let params = new URLSearchParams(url.search);

// 读取特定参数的值
let query = params.get('q'); // 'apple'
let page = params.get('page'); // '2'

console.log(query, page);

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.get('/search', (req, res) => {
  let query = req.query.q;
  let page = req.query.page;
  res.send(`Query: ${query}, Page: ${page}`);
});

app.listen(3000);

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/search')
def search():
    query = request.args.get('q')
    page = request.args.get('page')
    return f'Query: {query}, Page: {page}'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=3000)

let value = encodeURIComponent('苹果');
let url = `https://example.com/search?q=${value}`;

let query = params.get('q') || '';
let page = params.get('page') || '1';