当缺少1个参数时，添加到laravel中的异常web路由

// routes/web.php
Route::get('/users/{user}', function (User $user) {
    return view('users.show', ['user' => $user]);
})->name('users.show');

public function show(User $user)
{
    if (!$user) {
        abort(404); // 或者返回一个错误页面
    }
    return view('users.show', ['user' => $user]);
}

// app/Http/Middleware/CheckRouteParameters.php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Exceptions\HttpResponseException;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class CheckRouteParameters
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $route = $request->route();
        foreach ($route->parameters() as $key => $value) {
            if ($route->parameter($key) === null) {
                throw new HttpResponseException(response()->json(['error' => 'Missing required parameter: '.$key], Response::HTTP_BAD_REQUEST));
            }
        }
        return $next($request);
    }
}

protected $middlewareGroups = [
    'web' => [
        // 其他中间件...
        \App\Http\Middleware\CheckRouteParameters::class,
    ],
];