域名解析是将人类易于记忆的域名(如www.example.com)转换为计算机能够识别的IP地址(如192.0.2.1)的过程。这个过程通常通过DNS(Domain Name System)服务器来完成。
以下是一个简单的C语言示例,展示如何使用标准库函数getaddrinfo
来解析域名:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <domain>\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *p;
int status;
char ipstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; // AF_INET or AF_INET6 to force version
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
if ((status = getaddrinfo(argv[1], NULL, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("IP addresses for %s:\n", argv[1]);
for (p = res; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
void *addr;
char *ipver;
// get the pointer to the address itself,
// different fields in IPv4 and IPv6:
if (p->ai_family == AF_INET) { // IPv4
struct sockaddr_in *ipv4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)p->ai_addr;
addr = &(ipv4->sin_addr);
ipver = "IPv4";
} else { // IPv6
struct sockaddr_in6 *ipv6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)p->ai_addr;
addr = &(ipv6->sin6_addr);
ipver = "IPv6";
}
// convert the IP to a string and print it:
inet_ntop(p->ai_family, addr, ipstr, sizeof ipstr);
printf(" %s: %s\n", ipver, ipstr);
}
freeaddrinfo(res); // free the linked list
return 0;
}
编译上述代码:
gcc -o dns_resolver dns_resolver.c
运行:
./dns_resolver www.example.com
通过上述方法,你可以使用C语言解析域名并获取对应的IP地址。
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