DPLL算法是一种用于求解布尔可满足性问题(SAT)的算法。它通过构建回溯树来搜索解空间,并利用回溯的方式进行剪枝,以找到满足给定逻辑公式的解。
在C++中,可以使用以下代码实现DPLL算法的回溯树:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
// 定义变量状态的枚举类型
enum class VarState {
UNASSIGNED,
TRUE,
FALSE
};
// 定义子句的结构体
struct Clause {
vector<int> literals;
};
// DPLL算法的回溯函数
bool dpll(vector<Clause>& clauses, vector<VarState>& assignment) {
// 检查是否所有子句都被满足
bool allClausesSatisfied = true;
for (const auto& clause : clauses) {
bool clauseSatisfied = false;
for (const auto& literal : clause.literals) {
int var = abs(literal);
bool isNegated = (literal < 0);
if ((assignment[var] == VarState::TRUE && !isNegated) ||
(assignment[var] == VarState::FALSE && isNegated)) {
clauseSatisfied = true;
break;
}
}
if (!clauseSatisfied) {
allClausesSatisfied = false;
break;
}
}
// 如果所有子句都被满足,则返回true
if (allClausesSatisfied) {
return true;
}
// 查找未赋值的变量
int unassignedVar = -1;
for (int i = 1; i < assignment.size(); i++) {
if (assignment[i] == VarState::UNASSIGNED) {
unassignedVar = i;
break;
}
}
// 如果没有未赋值的变量,则返回false
if (unassignedVar == -1) {
return false;
}
// 递归地尝试给未赋值的变量赋值
assignment[unassignedVar] = VarState::TRUE;
if (dpll(clauses, assignment)) {
return true;
}
assignment[unassignedVar] = VarState::FALSE;
if (dpll(clauses, assignment)) {
return true;
}
assignment[unassignedVar] = VarState::UNASSIGNED;
return false;
}
int main() {
// 构造逻辑公式的子句集合
vector<Clause> clauses = {
{{1, 2}}, // (x1 ∨ x2)
{{-1, 3}}, // (¬x1 ∨ x3)
{{-2, -3}} // (¬x2 ∨ ¬x3)
};
// 初始化变量赋值状态
vector<VarState> assignment(4, VarState::UNASSIGNED);
// 调用DPLL算法求解
bool isSatisfiable = dpll(clauses, assignment);
// 输出结果
if (isSatisfiable) {
cout << "The formula is satisfiable." << endl;
cout << "Variable assignment: ";
for (int i = 1; i < assignment.size(); i++) {
cout << "x" << i << "=" << (assignment[i] == VarState::TRUE ? "true" : "false") << " ";
}
cout << endl;
} else {
cout << "The formula is unsatisfiable." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
这段代码实现了DPLL算法的回溯树,并通过给定的逻辑公式的子句集合来判断该公式是否可满足。在代码中,使用VarState
枚举类型表示变量的状态(未赋值、真、假),使用Clause
结构体表示子句,dpll
函数为递归实现的DPLL算法。
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