await是JavaScript中用于等待一个异步操作完成的关键字。它只能在异步函数中使用,用于暂停函数的执行,直到异步操作完成并返回结果。
在Node.js中,异步函数通常使用Promise对象来表示异步操作。当使用await关键字调用一个返回Promise的函数时,它会暂停函数的执行,直到Promise状态变为resolved(已完成)或rejected(已拒绝)。然后,它会返回Promise的结果或抛出拒绝的原因。
使用await可以使异步代码更加简洁和易读,避免了回调地狱(callback hell)的问题。它可以让开发者以同步的方式编写异步代码,提高代码的可读性和可维护性。
以下是使用await的示例代码:
async function fetchData() {
try {
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data');
const data = await response.json();
console.log(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error:', error);
}
}
fetchData();
在上面的示例中,fetchData函数是一个异步函数,使用await关键字等待fetch函数返回的Promise对象。一旦Promise对象状态变为resolved,它会将返回的response对象赋值给response变量。然后,再次使用await关键字等待response.json()方法返回的Promise对象,将解析后的数据赋值给data变量。最后,我们可以在控制台打印出数据或处理错误。
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