php项目案例展示

PHP项目案例展示

基础概念

PHP（Hypertext Preprocessor）是一种通用开源脚本语言，主要用于服务器端开发。PHP可以嵌入HTML代码中，使得网页具有动态交互性。它广泛应用于Web开发，如网站、Web应用、API接口等。

类型

Web应用：用于构建网站和Web应用。
API开发：用于构建RESTful API。
命令行工具：用于开发命令行应用程序。
桌面应用：通过PHP-GTK或NW.js等技术，也可以开发桌面应用程序。

应用场景

电子商务网站：如Magento、WooCommerce。
内容管理系统（CMS）：如WordPress、Drupal。
社交网络：如Elgg、Minds。
在线论坛：如phpBB、vBulletin。

示例项目：简单的博客系统

项目结构

blog/
├── index.php
├── config.php
├── db.php
├── models/
│   └── post.php
├── controllers/
│   └── postController.php
├── views/
│   ├── index.php
│   └── post.php
└── public/
    └── css/
        └── style.css

示例代码

index.php

<?php
require 'config.php';
require 'db.php';
require 'controllers/postController.php';

$postController = new PostController($db);
$posts = $postController->getAllPosts();

include 'views/index.php';
?>

config.php

<?php
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USER', 'root');
define('DB_PASS', '');
define('DB_NAME', 'blog');
?>

db.php

<?php
require 'config.php';

try {
    $pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=" . DB_HOST . ";dbname=" . DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASS);
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage());
}

return $pdo;
?>

models/post.php

<?php
class Post {
    private $db;
    private $id;
    private $title;
    private $content;

    public function __construct($db, $id = null) {
        $this->db = $db;
        if ($id) {
            $this->load($id);
        }
    }

    private function load($id) {
        $stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id = :id");
        $stmt->execute([':id' => $id]);
        $data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
        $this->id = $data['id'];
        $this->title = $data['title'];
        $this->content = $data['content'];
    }

    public function save() {
        if ($this->id) {
            $stmt = $this->db->prepare("UPDATE posts SET title = :title, content = :content WHERE id = :id");
        } else {
            $stmt = $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO posts (title, content) VALUES (:title, :content)");
        }
        $stmt->execute([
            ':title' => $this->title,
            ':content' => $this->content,
            ':id' => $this->id
        ]);
    }

    public function delete() {
        $stmt = $this->db->prepare("DELETE FROM posts WHERE id = :id");
        $stmt->execute([':id' => $this->id]);
    }

    public function toArray() {
        return [
            'id' => $this->id,
            'title' => $this->title,
            'content' => $this->content
        ];
    }
}
?>

controllers/postController.php

<?php
class PostController {
    private $db;

    public function __construct($db) {
        $this->db = $db;
    }

    public function getAllPosts() {
        $stmt = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM posts");
        $posts = [];
        while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
            $posts[] = new Post($this->db, $row['id']);
        }
        return $posts;
    }

    public function getPostById($id) {
        return new Post($this->db, $id);
    }

    public function createPost($title, $content) {
        $post = new Post($this->db);
        $post->title = $title;
        $post->content = $content;
        $post->save();
        return $post;
    }

    public function updatePost($id, $title, $content) {
        $post = new Post($this->db, $id);
        $post->title = $title;
        $post->content = $content;
        $post->save();
        return $post;
    }

    public function deletePost($id) {
        $post = new Post($this->db, $id);
        $post->delete();
        return $post;
    }
}
?>

views/index.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Blog</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="public/css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Blog</h1>
    <a href="index.php?action=new">New Post</a>
    <ul>
        <?php foreach ($posts as $post): ?>
            <li>
                <h2><?php echo $post->title; ?></h2>
                <p><?php echo $post->content; ?></p>
                <a href="index.php?action=view&id=<?php echo $post->id; ?>">View</a>
                <a href="index.php?action=edit&id=<?php echo $post->id; ?>">Edit</a>
                <a href="index.php?action=delete&id=<?php echo $post->id; ?>">Delete</a>
            </li>
        <?php endforeach; ?>
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

views/post.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title><?php echo $post->title; ?></title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="public/css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
    <h1><?php echo $post->title; ?></h1>
    <p><?php echo $post->content; ?></p>
    <a href="index.php">Back</a>
</body>
</html>