Python的历史

As has been said, Python has been aroundalong time, although for some people it can seem like Python was an overnightsucess. In fact Python originates from the very late 1980s when Guido Van Possumstarted implementing the first version of Python. The first release of Pythonwas on 20th February 1991. Guido actually remained the leaddeveloper on Python until 12 July 2018 when he stepped down as the “benevolentdictator” of Python. Since January 2019 there has been a five-member SteeringCouncil that leads the Python project.

如前所述，Python 已经存在了很长时间，尽管对某些人来说，Python 似乎是一夜成名。事实上，Python 起源于 20 世纪 80 年代末，当时Guido Van Possum 开始实现 Python 的第一个版本。Python 的首次发布是在 1991 年 2 月 20 日。Guido 实际上一直是 Python 的首席开发者，直到 2018 年 7 月 12 日，他才卸任Python 的 "仁慈独裁者"。自 2019 年 1 月起，由五人组成的指导委员会开始领导 Python 项目。

Python 2.0 was initially released onOctober 16th 2000 with its end of life being the 1st ofJanuary 2020. Python 3.0 was initially released 3rd December 2008.

Python 2.0 最初于 2000年 10 月 16 日发布，其生命周期将于 2020 年 1 月 1 日结束。Python 3.0 最初于 2008 年 12 月 3 日发布。

It is worth noting that in the PythonWorld, the major version number represents an epoch(such that there has been aPython 1, a Python 2 and a Python 3 epoch). within this each Python 3 releasehas a prefix of 3.1, thus 3.1 was the second Python 3 release, etc. Thisdiffers from many other programming language such as Java with Java 18 or Java19 being the equivalent of 3.11 and 3.12 in Python, etc. The Pythonorganization does not always release a new version of Python each year,although recent releases have tended to be yearly. However, although thelanguage is evolving many of these releases do not represent major changes tothe language, and thus there is relatively little difference between Python3.10 and Python 3.11 for example. A quick history of the main Python 3 releasesis give below:

l Python 3.0 released 3rd December 2008

l Python 3.1 released 27th June 2009

l Python 3.2 released 20th February 2011

l Python 3.3 released 29th September 2012

l Python 3.4 released 16th March 2014

l Python 3.5 released 13th September 2015

l Python 3.6 released 23rd December 2016

l Python 3.7 released 27th June 2018

l Python 3.8 released 14th October 2019

l Python 3.9 released 5th October 2020

l Python 3.10 released 4th October 2021

l Python 3.11 released 24th October 2022

值得注意的是，在 Python 世界中，主要版本号代表一个时代（例如，有一个 Python 1、一个 Python 2 和一个 Python 3 时代）。在这个时代中，每个 Python 3 版本的前缀都是 3.1，因此 3.1 是第二个Python 3 版本，等等。这不同于许多其他编程语言，如 Java，Java 18 或 Java 19 相当于 Python 的 3.11 和3.12 等。Python 组织并不总是每年都发布Python 的新版本，尽管最近的版本往往是每年发布一次。不过，尽管 Python 语言在不断发展，但其中许多版本并不代表语言的重大变化，因此 Python 3.10 和 Python 3.11 之间的差异相对较小。下面是 Python 3 主要发布版本的简史：

l Python 3.0 于 2008 年12 月 3 日发布

l Python 3.1 于 2009 年6 月 27 日发布

l 2011 年 2 月 20 日发布的 Python 3.2

l 2012 年 9 月 29 日发布的 Python 3.3

l Python 3.4 于 2014 年3 月 16 日发布

l Python 3.5 已于 2015 年9 月 13 日发布

l Python 3.6 于 2016 年12 月 23 日发布

l Python 3.7 于 2018 年6 月 27 日发布

l Python 3.8 于 2019 年10 月 14 日发布

l Python 3.9 于 2020 年10 月 5 日发布

l Python 3.10 于 2021 年10 月 4 日发布

l Python 3.11 于 2022 年10 月 24 日发布

In general almost all of the features inthe book are supported by Python 3.8 onwards. One or two of the featuresrequire a later version such as 3.10. Such requirements will be noted when eachtopic is Introduced. Personally when teaching Python I try and use the lateststable version such as 3.11 or 3.12.

一般来说，Python 3.8 及以上版本支持书中几乎所有的功能。有一两个特性需要更高的版本，如 3.10。在介绍每个主题时都会注明这些要求。就我个人而言，在教授 Python 时，我尽量使用最新的稳定版本，如 3.11 或 3.12。