了解梁中的应力,高效的工程师(四)
由于本文篇幅较长,分为四部分发布,这是第四部分。
When a load is applied to a beam it will deform by bending, which generates internal stresses within the beam. These internal stresses can be represented by a shear force and a bending moment acting on any cross-section of the beam. The shear force is the resultant of vertical shear stresses, which act parallel to the cross-section, and the bending moment is the resultant of normal stresses, called bending stresses, which act perpendicular to the cross-section.
当载荷施加到梁上时,它会因弯曲而变形,从而在梁内产生内应力。这些内应力可以用作用在梁的任何横截面上的剪力和弯矩来表示。剪切力是垂直剪切应力的合力,垂直剪切应力平行于横截面作用,弯矩是垂直于横截面作用的法向应力(称为弯曲应力)的合力。
The video below covers these bending and shear stresses that develop in beams in more detail.
下面的视频更详细地介绍了梁中产生的这些弯曲和剪切应力。(友情提醒:视频还是那个视频,文字内容不同,前几篇看过视频的朋友可以忽略)
Beam Deflection Tables 梁挠度表
The tables below give equations for the deflection, slope, shear, and moment along straight beams for different end conditions and loadings. You can find comprehensive tables in references such as Gere, Lindeburg, and Shigley. However, the tables below cover most of the common cases.
下表给出了不同端部条件和荷载下沿直梁的挠度、坡度、剪切弯矩和弯矩的方程。您可以在 Gere、Lindeburg 和 Shigley 等参考文献中找到综合表格。但是,下表涵盖了大多数常见情况。
Cantilever Beams 悬臂梁
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Cantilever, Intermediate Load
悬臂,中间载荷
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Cantilever, Uniform Distributed Load
悬臂式,均匀分布载荷
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Cantilever, Triangular Distributed Load
悬臂,三角分布荷载
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Cantilever, End Moment 悬臂,端弯矩
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported Beams 简单支撑梁
For a ≥ b: 对于 a ≥ b:
Slope:斜率
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported, Center Load
简支撑,中心负载
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported, 2 Loads at Equal Distances from Supports
简支撑,2 个负载与支架的距离相等
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported, Uniform Distributed Load
支持简单,均匀分布式负载
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported, Moment at Each Support
简支持,每个支点有弯矩
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported, Moment at One Support
简支持,一端弯矩
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Simply Supported, Center Moment
简支持,中心弯矩
Deflection: 挠度:
Slope: 斜率:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Fixed-Fixed Beams 固定-固定梁
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
Fixed-Fixed, Uniform Distributed Load
固定-固定、均匀分布负载
Deflection: 挠度:
Shear: 剪切:
Moment: 弯矩:
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