Python 第五天

Storing native Python objects with pickle

If you really want to store native Python objects,but you ;can't trust the source of

the data in the file,Python's standard library pickle module is ideal.

查看Python 3.0的帮助手册可以看到，格式化字符串的值在Python的类型是bytes类型。所以我们在

bytes类型前面加上一个b就可以解决这个问题了。

F=open('data.bin','wb')

import struct

data=struct.pack('>i4sh',7,b'spam',8)

0\x00\x07spam\x00\x08'

Type Categories Revisited

Objedts share operations according to their category

Only mutable objects(lists,dictionaried,and sets)may be changed in-place

Files export only methods,so mutability doesn't really apply to them

"Numbers" in Table9-3 includes all number types

Sets are something like the keys of a valueless dictionary,but they don't map to values

and are not ordered,so sets are neither a mapping nor a sequence type

The== operator tests value equivalence

The is operator tests object identity

几种基本数值类型练习

>>> 2/5,2/5.0

(0.4, 0.4)

>>> 'spam'+'eggs'

'spameggs'

>>> S='ham'

>>> 'eggs'+S

'eggsham'

'hamhamhamhamham'

''

>>> "green%s and %s"%('eggs',S)

'greeneggs and ham'

>>> 'greenand'.format('egge',S)

'greeneggeandham'

>>> ('x',)[0]

'x'

>>> ('x','y')[1]

'y'

>>> L=[1,2,3]+[4,5,6]

>>> L,L[:],L[:0],L[-2],L[-2:]

([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [], 5, [5, 6])

>>> ([1,2,3]+[4,5,6])[2:4]

[3, 4]

>>> [L[2],L[3]]

[3, 4]

>>> L.reverse();L

[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

>>> L.sort()

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>> L.index(4)

3

>>> {'a':1,'b':2}['b']

2

>>> D={'x':1,'y':2,'z':3}

>>> D['w']=0

>>> D['x']+D['w']

1

>>> D[(1,2,3)]=4

{(1, 2, 3): 4, 'y': 2, 'w': 0, 'z': 3, 'x': 1}

>>> list(D.keys()),list(D.values()),(1,2,3)in D

([(1, 2, 3), 'y', 'w', 'z', 'x'], [4, 2, 0, 3, 1], True)

{(1, 2, 3): 4, 'y': 2, 'w': 0, 'z': 3, 'x': 1}

>>> [[]],["",[],(),{},None]

([[]], ['', [], (), {}, None])

Everything is a type of object in Python,even the type of an object!

the type of an object is an object of type type .

[4, 5, 6]

>>> Y=[L]*4

[4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6]

[[4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6]]

>>> L[1]=0

[4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6]

[[4, 0, 6], [4, 0, 6], [4, 0, 6], [4, 0, 6]]

[4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6]

repetition,concatenation,and slicing copy only the top level of their operand

objects,these sorts of cases make much more sense.

Pycharm 一种专门的Python开发工具，研究摸索中。