译术人生 Artificial Intelligence

Outing A.I.: Beyond the Turing Test

The idea of measuring A.I. by its ability to "pass"as a human – dramatized in countless scifi films – is actually as old as modern A.I. research itself.

测量人工智能是否具有人类等同的思维能力，在无数科幻电影中都进行过戏剧化的演绎。实际上从很久以前的现代人工智能研究开始，这个设想就存在了。

It is traceable at least to 1950 when the British mathematician Alan Turing published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence,"a paper in which he described what we now call the "Turing Test," and which he referred to as the "imitation game."

There are different versions of the test, all of which are revealing as to why our approach to the culture and ethics of A.I. is what it is, for good and bad.

这最早可追溯到1950年，当时英国数学家艾伦·图灵发表了题为《计算机器与智能》的文章。在文中，他描述了“模仿游戏”，即我们现在所知晓的“图灵测试。

这个测试虽有众多不同版本，但无一例外地揭示了为什么我们都是从文化和道德层面来定义人工智能，无论得出的结果是好是坏。

For the most familiar version, a human interrogator asks questions of two hidden contestants, one a human and the other a computer. Turing suggests that if the interrogator usually cannot tell which is which, and if the computer can successfully pass as human, then can we not conclude, for practical purposes, that the computer is "intelligent"?

让人最熟悉的版本是：一个人类审讯者向两个隐藏的被测试者（一个是人类，另一个是计算机）提问。图灵认为，如果审讯者不能成功区分二者身份，也就是计算机能成功地以人类的身份通过测试，那么就实践目的而言，我们能不能由此得出结论：计算机就是智能的呢？

END

责任编辑：董娅宁 蔡慧敏

本期编辑：刘雨涵

本期校审：王浩然

本期供稿:19MIT戚紫莹（刘靖宇老师改）

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