如何在Laravel中手动返回或抛出验证错误/异常？

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;

public function store(Request $request)
{
    // 手动定义验证规则
    $rules = [
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email',
    ];

    // 执行验证
    $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), $rules);

    // 如果验证失败，抛出 ValidationException 异常
    if ($validator->fails()) {
        throw new ValidationException($validator);
    }

    // 验证通过后的逻辑...
}

use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;

public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
    // 假设你已经从数据库获取了用户数据
    $user = User::find($id);

    // 手动验证数据
    if (!$user || $user->email !== $request->input('email')) {
        throw new ValidationException(
            Validator::make(['email' => $request->input('email')], ['email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email'])
        );
    }

    // 更新逻辑...
}

use Illuminate\Http\Exceptions\HttpResponseException;

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $rules = [
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email',
    ];

    $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), $rules);

    if ($validator->fails()) {
        throw new HttpResponseException(response()->json([
            'errors' => $validator->errors(),
        ], 422));
    }

    // 验证通过后的逻辑...
}