django.db.utils.IntegrityError:唯一约束失败: auctions_bids.item_id

from django.db import IntegrityError
from .models import AuctionsBids

def add_bid(item_id, bid_amount):
    try:
        bid = AuctionsBids(item_id=item_id, bid_amount=bid_amount)
        bid.save()
    except IntegrityError:
        print(f"Item ID {item_id} already exists.")

from .models import AuctionsBids

def add_bid(item_id, bid_amount):
    bid, created = AuctionsBids.objects.get_or_create(item_id=item_id, defaults={'bid_amount': bid_amount})
    if created:
        print(f"Bid for item ID {item_id} added successfully.")
    else:
        print(f"Item ID {item_id} already exists.")

from django.db import transaction
from .models import AuctionsBids

@transaction.atomic
def add_bid(item_id, bid_amount):
    try:
        bid = AuctionsBids(item_id=item_id, bid_amount=bid_amount)
        bid.save()
    except IntegrityError:
        print(f"Item ID {item_id} already exists.")

from django.db import connection

def clean_duplicate_item_ids():
    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
        cursor.execute("""
            DELETE FROM auctions_bids
            WHERE id NOT IN (
                SELECT MIN(id)
                FROM auctions_bids
                GROUP BY item_id
            )
        """)