subprocess.call()和subprocess.Popen.communicate()有什么区别吗？

import subprocess

# 执行命令并等待完成
exit_code = subprocess.call(['ls', '-l'])

# 检查退出状态码
if exit_code == 0:
    print("命令执行成功")
else:
    print("命令执行失败")

import subprocess

# 创建子进程
process = subprocess.Popen(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

# 与子进程通信
stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

# 获取退出状态码
exit_code = process.returncode

# 打印输出
print("标准输出:", stdout.decode())
print("标准错误:", stderr.decode())

# 检查退出状态码
if exit_code == 0:
    print("命令执行成功")
else:
    print("命令执行失败")

import subprocess

# 创建子进程
process = subprocess.Popen(['long_running_command'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

try:
    # 与子进程通信，并设置超时时间为10秒
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate(timeout=10)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
    print("命令执行超时")
    process.kill()
else:
    # 获取退出状态码
    exit_code = process.returncode

    # 打印输出
    print("标准输出:", stdout.decode())
    print("标准错误:", stderr.decode())

    # 检查退出状态码
    if exit_code == 0:
        print("命令执行成功")
    else:
        print("命令执行失败")