平时工作中经常被JavaScript跨域问题所困扰,其实有很多种解决方式,下面给大家介绍常用的几种:
客户端代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>jsonp-跨域</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function callbackFn(data){
data = typeof data != 'string' ? JSON.stringify(data) : data;
console.log('callback:'+data);
}
function jsonpFn(){
$.ajax({
type:"get",
dataType:"jsonp",
url:"http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/server.jsp",
jsonpCallback:"callbackFn",
success:function(data){
data = typeof data != 'string' ? JSON.stringify(data) : data;
console.log('success.data:'+data);
}
});
}
function ajaxFn(){
var xmlhttp = window.XMLHttpRequest ? new XMLHttpRequest() : new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
var url = "http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/server.jsp";
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xmlhttp.readyState==4){
if(xmlhttp.status==200){
callbackFn(xmlhttp.responseText);
}
}
}
xmlhttp.open('GET',url,true);
xmlhttp.send(null);
}
ajaxFn();
//jsonpFn();
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
服务端代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String result = "{\"name\":\"ccy\",\"age\":18,\"info\":{\"address\":\"wuhan\",\"interest\":\"playCards\"}}";
out.println("callbackFn("+result+")");
%>
相信大家对此种方式并不陌生,需要引用jquery库文件,并且要与服务端进行协调处理。
我先写了个简单的ajax调用非同源的异步请求直接报错
执行jsonpFn方法
成功获取服务端信息!
在客户端浏览器中每个页面都有一个独立的窗口对象window,默认情况下window.name为空,在窗口的生命周期中,载入的所有页面共享一个window.name并且每个页面都有对此读写的权限,window.name会一直存在当前窗口,但存储的字符串不超过2M。
http://localhost:8383/ccy_client/window_name.html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>window.name-跨域</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.name = "我是 window.name 字符串";
setTimeout(function(){
window.location = "http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/window_name.html";
},2000);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/window_name.html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>window.name-跨域</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var str = window.name;
console.log('ccy_server.window_name:'+str);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
chrome打印信息
上面是以window.location跳转的方式获取window.name字符串信息,平时开发中经常需要异步获取,请继续往下看:
http://localhost:8383/ccy_client/window_name_iframe.html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>window.name-跨域</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var boo = false;
var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
var loadData = function() {
if (boo) {
var data = iframe.contentWindow.name; //获取window.name
console.log(data);
//销毁数据
iframe.contentWindow.document.write('');
iframe.contentWindow.close();
document.body.removeChild(iframe);
} else {
boo = true;
iframe.contentWindow.location = ""; // 设置的代理文件,iframe重新载入
}
};
iframe.src = 'http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/window_name_iframe.html';
if (iframe.attachEvent) {
iframe.attachEvent('onload', loadData);
} else {
iframe.onload = loadData;
}
document.body.appendChild(iframe);
</script>
</body>
</html>
http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/window_name_iframe.html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>window.name-跨域</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.name = '我是 http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/window_name_iframe.html';
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
chrome打印信息
成功获取非同源地址的数据信息,主要是通过iframe的src属性,类似含有src属性的标签都可以成功处理跨域问题(img,script)
h5新特性,window.postMessage(msg,targetOrigin);
msg:传入的字符串信息
targetOrigin:目标源(协议主机端口有效)
同样借助iframe进行跨域操作
http://localhost:8383/ccy_client/postMessage.html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>postMessage-跨域</title>
</head>
<body>
<iframe id="ifr" src="http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/postMessage.html" style="display: none;"></iframe>
<br>
<input id="txt" type="text" style="width:600px;height:70px;"/>
<br>
<input id="btn" type="button" value="获取9393数据" onclick="getData();" style="width:180px;height:60px;"/>
<script type="text/javascript">
var data;
function handleMsg(e){
e = e || event;
data = e.data;
console.log('8383:'+e.data);
}
if(window.addEventListener){
window.addEventListener('message', handleMsg);
}else{
window.attachEvent('onmessage', handleMsg);
}
function getData(){
document.getElementById('txt').value=data;
var msg = 'http://localhost:8383/ccy_client/postMessage.html';
window.frames[0].postMessage(msg, 'http://localhost:9393');
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/postMessage.html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>postMessage-跨域</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
function handleMsg(e){
e = e || event;
console.log('9393:'+e.data);
}
if(window.addEventListener){
window.addEventListener('message', handleMsg);
}else{
window.attachEvent('onmessage', handleMsg);
}
window.onload = function(){
var msg = '我是 http://localhost:9393/ccy_server/postMessage.html';
window.parent.postMessage(msg, 'http://localhost:8383');
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
chrome打印信息
点击“获取9393数据”
成功获取非同源数据,将非同源地址嵌入获取数据页面窗口。
通过客户端页面的ajax异步请求同源页面,再通过java的HttpURLConnect或者HttpClient进行转换即可,此处就不再赘述。
还有一种就是设置服务端的Header,我们果果乐园新版的api就是这么处理的。
https://www.sojson.com/blog/121.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/43ff69d076e3
JavaScript权威指南
欢迎纠错~~~