免疫浸润论文：生信论文41引文写作

生信论文的套路

1. ONCOMINE从全景、亚型两个维度做表达差异分析；
2. 临床标本从蛋白水平确认（或HPA数据库），很重要；
3. Kaplan-Meier Plotter从临床意义的角度阐明其重要性；
4. cBio-portal数据库做基因组学的分析（机制一）；
5. STRING互作和GO/KEGG分析探讨可能的信号通路（机制二）；
6. TISIDB/TIMER分析肿瘤免疫特征（机制三）。

引文的基本内容：介绍背景（一段或两段）、提出问题（一段），解决问题（一段或2段）。一般引文介绍3~5段。

1. 疾病或基因的背景介绍；
2. 前人研究的成果、现实情况，存在的问题；
3. 阐明研究原因或意义。介绍研究的性质、范畴及其重要性，突出研究目的和待解决的科学问题；
4. 研究方法，新发现和意义。

前面说过，生信论文引文写作有两种通用的方式。第二种思路的说服力稍弱。

第一种是从疾病入手，即从待研究的肿瘤说起，再介绍该肿瘤的发病率、死亡率、预后和治疗情况，从而提出科学问题，引出待研究的基因；接着介绍基因的基本信息，阐释其功能，归纳式提出该基因在肿瘤中的潜在作用。

第二种是从基因入手，即先介绍基因的基本信息，阐释其功能，在阐释说明该基因在某肿瘤中的作用尚不清楚，从而提出科学问题；接着从待研究的肿瘤说起，介绍该肿瘤的发病率、死亡率、预后和治疗情况，然后解释说该基因可能在该肿瘤中具有重要作用。

生信论文41--胃癌--引文写作

第一段介绍胃癌的流行病学和治疗现状，引出免疫治疗，指出存在的问题，从而提出解决办法，引出免疫浸润等主题。

Gastric cancer is among the most common deadly tumours with the mortality rate being the second-highest. Each year, more than 950,000 new cases are reported worldwide [1,2]. Although significant advancements have been achieved in diagnosis, screening, surgical resection, and neoadjuvant therapy of GC, the clinical results remain unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy is a hot topic in oncology at present, which has shown remarkable results in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cancer, and other tumours [3–5]. Earlier studies have found that it contributes significantly to gastrointestinal tumours [6,7]. Immunocytes infiltrated in tumours are most likely to be used as drug targets for improving survival [8,9]. Topalia et al. found that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathways are important for Treg cells to impede CD8þ cell growth and upregulate PD-1 expression level in GC cells, which is correlated with an unfavourable prognosis [10]. In clinical trials, Kang et al. found that nivolumab (a fully human IgG4 monoclonal blocking antibody for PD-1) showed good effectiveness and tolerance in treating of GC patients. The authors also confirmed that nivolumab could improve OS [11]. However, some immunological clinical trials were not very conclusive [12]. In addition, other studies have discovered that TILs, such as TAMs and tumour-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs), influence the outcome of GC treatment [13]. Hence, it is highly emergent to identify the biomarkers of immune interaction with gastric cancer and identify new targets for immune-related therapy.

第二段介绍CMA1基因的背景，表达谱 (重要)和功能(生理角度、免疫角度)，然后介绍其在肿瘤中的背景，通过转折词However介绍引出科学问题。

CMA1 encodes a chymotryptic serine proteinase belonging to peptidase family S1,which is widely expressed in MCs (mast cells), and it’s possibly involved indegrading extracellular matrix, regulating secretion, and production ofvasoactive peptides from submucosal glands [14]. MCs are components of theinnate immune network and among the earliest groups to invade tumours, whichcan increase or inhibit tumour expansion [15–18]. MCs release chymotrypsin and tryptase-likeproteases, which affect cancers [19]. Many researchers have found that MCchymotrypsin could exert direct or indirect induction on tumour angiogenesis,thus affecting tumour progression, suggesting that chymotrypsin may be a newtarget in treating multiple cancers [14]. However, the underlyingmechanism of CMA1 as serine chymotrypsin in tumour progression and immunology isunclear.

第三段解决问题。经典三句式，前两句总结分析内容(差异分析、生存分析和免疫浸润分析)，最后总结给出结论。

Here,we used Oncomine, Kaplan–Meier plotter and GEPIA datasets to analyze CMA1expression and its relationship with the prognosis of cancer patients (差异分析、生存分析). Furthermore, we studied the correlation between CMA1 andtumour-infiltrated immune cells in tumour surrounding environment through theweb resource TIMER (免疫浸润分析). Our data reveal the importantfunction of CMA1 in GC and explain the potential relationship and mechanism ofthe interaction between CMA1 and tumour immunity (结论).