IPv6 入门教程：正则表达式

Yorkyu

发布于 2022-03-22 15:50:38

5K00

代码可运行

文章被收录于专栏：约克编程技术约克编程技术

运行总次数：0

代码可运行

作者：约克
原文地址：https://yorkyu.cn/ipv6-getting-started-regexp-ffe6f1d758c1.html
文章版权归作者所有，转载请注明出处！

前言

在前端开发中，处理表单时，常遇到对 IPv6/Ipv4 地址合法性校验的场景。

一，IPv6 正则

1.1. 万能正则

斯蒂芬·瑞恩（Stephen Ryan）写了一个非常有用的正则表达式，可用于匹配任何一个合法的IPv6地址。以下为正则表达式的代码

const ipv6Regexp = /^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$/;

1.2. 匹配示列

// full form of IPv6 
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80:0000:0000:0000:0204:61ff:fe9d:f156');
=> true

// drop leading zeroes
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80:0:0:0:204:61ff:fe9d:f156');
=> true

// collapse multiple zeroes to :: in the IPv6 address
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80::204:61ff:fe9d:f156');
=> true

// IPv4 dotted quad at the end 
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80:0000:0000:0000:0204:61ff:254.157.241.86');
=> true

// drop leading zeroes, IPv4 dotted quad at the end 
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80:0:0:0:0204:61ff:254.157.241.86');
=> true

// dotted quad at the end, multiple zeroes collapsed 
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80::204:61ff:254.157.241.86');
=> true

// localhost
ipv6Regexp.test('::1');
=> true

// link-local prefix 
ipv6Regexp.test('fe80::');
=> true

// global unicast prefix 
ipv6Regexp.test('2001::');
=> true

二，CIDR 正则

以 CIDR 表示法匹配IP地址的正则表达式。

2.1. 用法

$ npm i -S cidr-regex

const cidrRegex = require('cidr-regex');

// Contains a CIDR IP address?
cidrRegex().test('foo 192.168.0.1/24');
=> true

// Is a CIDR IP address?
cidrRegex({exact: true}).test('foo 192.168.0.1/24');
=> false

cidrRegex.v6({exact: true}).test('1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8/64');
=> true

// Extract CIDRs from string
'foo 192.168.0.1/24 bar 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8/64 baz'.match(cidrRegex());
=> ['192.168.0.1/24', '1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8/64']