FastAPI后台开发基础（8）：Cookie的使用

@app.get("/async_set_cookie")
async def set_cookie_to_client(response: Response):
    """
    将 cookie 写入到本地文件: test_cookies
    curl -c test_cookies -X 'GET' \
      'http://127.0.0.1:18081/async_set_cookie' \
      -H 'accept: application/json'

    cat test_cookies
    # Netscape HTTP Cookie File
    # https://curl.se/docs/http-cookies.html
    # This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.

    127.0.0.1       FALSE   /       FALSE   0       test_cookie_user_id     test_cookie_user_value
    """
    response.set_cookie(key = 'test_cookie_user_id', value = 'test_cookie_user_value')
    return {"set_cookie": datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(sep = ' ')}

curl -c test_cookies -X 'GET' \
  'http://127.0.0.1:18081/async_set_cookie' \
  -H 'accept: application/json'

cat test_cookies               
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# https://curl.se/docs/http-cookies.html
# This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.

127.0.0.1       FALSE   /       FALSE   0       test_cookie_user_id     test_cookie_user_value

@app.get('/async_with_cookie')
async def request_with_cookie(req: Request):
    """
    从本地缓存文件中读取 cookie，并发送给服务器
    curl -b test_cookies -X 'GET' \
    'http://127.0.0.1:18081/async_with_cookie' \
    -H 'accept: application/json'

    it's generally recommended and more common to use cookies for storing simple string values rather than complex data structures
    Cookie Parameters:
        These are used to extract data from HTTP cookies sent by the client.
        Cookies are small pieces of data stored on the client-side and sent with every request to the server.
        They're often used for maintaining session information, user preferences, or tracking.
    Path Parameters:
        These are part of the URL path itself.
        They're typically used for identifying specific resources or entities.
        Example: /users/{user_id} where user_id is a path parameter.
    Query Parameters:
        These are appended to the URL after a question mark.
        They're used for filtering, sorting, or passing optional data.
        Example: /users?age=30&city=NewYork
    Body Parameters:
        These are sent in the request body, typically with POST, PUT, or PATCH methods.
        They're used for sending larger amounts of data or complex structures.
        Often used for form submissions or API payloads.
        The key differences and use cases:
    Data Source:
        Cookies come from the browser's cookie storage.
        Path and query parameters come from the URL.
        Body parameters come from the request body.
    Persistence:
        Cookies can persist across multiple requests and even browser sessions.
        Path, query, and body parameters are typically single-request.
    Visibility:
        Path and query parameters are visible in the URL.
        Cookies and body parameters are not visible in the URL.
    Size Limitations:
        Cookies and URL parameters (path and query) have size limitations.
        Body parameters can handle much larger data sets.
    Use Cases:
        Cookies: Session management, remembering user preferences.
        Path Parameters: Identifying resources (e.g., user IDs, post IDs).
        Query Parameters: Filtering, sorting, pagination.
        Body Parameters: Submitting forms, complex data structures.
    """
    print('received cookies:', req.cookies)
    return {"cookies": req.cookies}

curl -b test_cookies -X 'GET' \
'http://127.0.0.1:18081/async_with_cookie' \
-H 'accept: application/json'

received cookies: {'test_cookie_user_id': 'test_cookie_user_value'}
INFO:     127.0.0.1:53670 - "GET /async_with_cookie HTTP/1.1" 200 OK

class Cookies(BaseModel):
    session_id: str
    fatebook_tracker: str | None = None
    googall_tracker: str | None = None

    class Config:
        title = 'test cookie model'
        extra = "forbid"


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(cookies: Annotated[Cookies, Cookie()]):
    """
    curl -X 'GET' \
    'http://127.0.0.1:18081/items/' \
    -H 'accept: application/json' \
    -H 'Cookie: googall_tracker=123; session_id=test; fatebook_tracker=HelloWorld;'
    """
    return cookies

@app.post("/dynamic")
async def handle_dynamic(request: Request):
    data = await request.json()

@app.post("/raw")
async def handle_raw(request: Request):
    raw_body = await request.body()

@app.middleware("http")
async def custom_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
    # Inspect or modify request
    response = await call_next(request)
    return response

@app.get("/debug")
async def debug_request(request: Request):
    log_data = {
        "method": request.method,
        "url": str(request.url),
        "headers": dict(request.headers),
        "query_params": dict(request.query_params),
        "client": request.client.host
    }
    logger.debug(f"Request data: {log_data}")

@app.websocket("/ws")
async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
    await websocket.accept()

@app.post("/complex")
async def handle_complex(request: Request):
    body = await request.json()
    headers = request.headers
    query_params = request.query_params
    client_host = request.client.host

@app.post("/upload")
async def upload_file(request: Request):
    form = await request.form()
    file = form["file"]
    metadata = form["metadata"]

@app.post("/custom-type")
async def handle_custom_type(request: Request):
    if request.headers.get("content-type") == "application/custom-type":
        data = await request.body()