深入理解libevent事件库的原理与实践技巧

./configure 
make 
sudo make install

/** Structure to define the backend of a given event_base. */
struct eventop {
	/** The name of this backend. */
	const char *name;
	/** Function to set up an event_base to use this backend.  It should
	 * create a new structure holding whatever information is needed to
	 * run the backend, and return it.  The returned pointer will get
	 * stored by event_init into the event_base.evbase field.  On failure,
	 * this function should return NULL. */
	void *(*init)(struct event_base *);
	/** Enable reading/writing on a given fd or signal.  'events' will be
	 * the events that we're trying to enable: one or more of EV_READ,
	 * EV_WRITE, EV_SIGNAL, and EV_ET.  'old' will be those events that
	 * were enabled on this fd previously.  'fdinfo' will be a structure
	 * associated with the fd by the evmap; its size is defined by the
	 * fdinfo field below.  It will be set to 0 the first time the fd is
	 * added.  The function should return 0 on success and -1 on error.
	 */
	int (*add)(struct event_base *, evutil_socket_t fd, short old, short events, void *fdinfo);
	/** As "add", except 'events' contains the events we mean to disable. */
	int (*del)(struct event_base *, evutil_socket_t fd, short old, short events, void *fdinfo);
	/** Function to implement the core of an event loop.  It must see which
	    added events are ready, and cause event_active to be called for each
	    active event (usually via event_io_active or such).  It should
	    return 0 on success and -1 on error.
	 */
	int (*dispatch)(struct event_base *, struct timeval *);
	/** Function to clean up and free our data from the event_base. */
	void (*dealloc)(struct event_base *);
	/** Flag: set if we need to reinitialize the event base after we fork.
	 */
	int need_reinit;
	/** Bit-array of supported event_method_features that this backend can
	 * provide. */
	enum event_method_feature features;
	/** Length of the extra information we should record for each fd that
	    has one or more active events.  This information is recorded
	    as part of the evmap entry for each fd, and passed as an argument
	    to the add and del functions above.
	 */
	size_t fdinfo_len;
};

struct event_base {
	/** Function pointers and other data to describe this event_base's
	 * backend. */
	const struct eventop *evsel;
	/** Pointer to backend-specific data. */
	void *evbase;

	/** List of changes to tell backend about at next dispatch.  Only used
	 * by the O(1) backends. */
	struct event_changelist changelist;

	/** Function pointers used to describe the backend that this event_base
	 * uses for signals */
	const struct eventop *evsigsel;
	/** Data to implement the common signal handler code. */
	struct evsig_info sig;

	/** Number of virtual events */
	int virtual_event_count;
	/** Maximum number of virtual events active */
	int virtual_event_count_max;
	/** Number of total events added to this event_base */
	int event_count;
	/** Maximum number of total events added to this event_base */
	int event_count_max;
	/** Number of total events active in this event_base */
	int event_count_active;
	/** Maximum number of total events active in this event_base */
	int event_count_active_max;

	/** Set if we should terminate the loop once we're done processing
	 * events. */
	int event_gotterm;
	/** Set if we should terminate the loop immediately */
	int event_break;
	/** Set if we should start a new instance of the loop immediately. */
	int event_continue;

	/** The currently running priority of events */
	int event_running_priority;

	/** Set if we're running the event_base_loop function, to prevent
	 * reentrant invocation. */
	int running_loop;

	/** Set to the number of deferred_cbs we've made 'active' in the
	 * loop.  This is a hack to prevent starvation; it would be smarter
	 * to just use event_config_set_max_dispatch_interval's max_callbacks
	 * feature */
	int n_deferreds_queued;

	/* Active event management. */
	/** An array of nactivequeues queues for active event_callbacks (ones
	 * that have triggered, and whose callbacks need to be called).  Low
	 * priority numbers are more important, and stall higher ones.
	 */
	struct evcallback_list *activequeues;
	/** The length of the activequeues array */
	int nactivequeues;
	/** A list of event_callbacks that should become active the next time
	 * we process events, but not this time. */
	struct evcallback_list active_later_queue;

	/* common timeout logic */

	/** An array of common_timeout_list* for all of the common timeout
	 * values we know. */
	struct common_timeout_list **common_timeout_queues;
	/** The number of entries used in common_timeout_queues */
	int n_common_timeouts;
	/** The total size of common_timeout_queues. */
	int n_common_timeouts_allocated;

	/** Mapping from file descriptors to enabled (added) events */
	struct event_io_map io;

	/** Mapping from signal numbers to enabled (added) events. */
	struct event_signal_map sigmap;

	/** Priority queue of events with timeouts. */
	struct min_heap timeheap;

	/** Stored timeval: used to avoid calling gettimeofday/clock_gettime
	 * too often. */
	struct timeval tv_cache;

	struct evutil_monotonic_timer monotonic_timer;

	/** Difference between internal time (maybe from clock_gettime) and
	 * gettimeofday. */
	struct timeval tv_clock_diff;
	/** Second in which we last updated tv_clock_diff, in monotonic time. */
	time_t last_updated_clock_diff;

#ifndef EVENT__DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
	/* threading support */
	/** The thread currently running the event_loop for this base */
	unsigned long th_owner_id;
	/** A lock to prevent conflicting accesses to this event_base */
	void *th_base_lock;
	/** A condition that gets signalled when we're done processing an
	 * event with waiters on it. */
	void *current_event_cond;
	/** Number of threads blocking on current_event_cond. */
	int current_event_waiters;
#endif
	/** The event whose callback is executing right now */
	struct event_callback *current_event;

#ifdef _WIN32
	/** IOCP support structure, if IOCP is enabled. */
	struct event_iocp_port *iocp;
#endif

	/** Flags that this base was configured with */
	enum event_base_config_flag flags;

	struct timeval max_dispatch_time;
	int max_dispatch_callbacks;
	int limit_callbacks_after_prio;

	/* Notify main thread to wake up break, etc. */
	/** True if the base already has a pending notify, and we don't need
	 * to add any more. */
	int is_notify_pending;
	/** A socketpair used by some th_notify functions to wake up the main
	 * thread. */
	evutil_socket_t th_notify_fd[2];
	/** An event used by some th_notify functions to wake up the main
	 * thread. */
	struct event th_notify;
	/** A function used to wake up the main thread from another thread. */
	int (*th_notify_fn)(struct event_base *base);

	/** Saved seed for weak random number generator. Some backends use
	 * this to produce fairness among sockets. Protected by th_base_lock. */
	struct evutil_weakrand_state weakrand_seed;

	/** List of event_onces that have not yet fired. */
	LIST_HEAD(once_event_list, event_once) once_events;

};

struct event {
	struct event_callback ev_evcallback;

	/* for managing timeouts */
	union {
		TAILQ_ENTRY(event) ev_next_with_common_timeout;
		int min_heap_idx;
	} ev_timeout_pos;
	evutil_socket_t ev_fd;

	struct event_base *ev_base;

	union {
		/* used for io events */
		struct {
			LIST_ENTRY (event) ev_io_next;
			struct timeval ev_timeout;
		} ev_io;

		/* used by signal events */
		struct {
			LIST_ENTRY (event) ev_signal_next;
			short ev_ncalls;
			/* Allows deletes in callback */
			short *ev_pncalls;
		} ev_signal;
	} ev_;

	short ev_events;
	short ev_res;		/* result passed to event callback */
	struct timeval ev_timeout;
};

/**
   Implementation table for a bufferevent: holds function pointers and other
   information to make the various bufferevent types work.
*/
struct bufferevent_ops {
	/** The name of the bufferevent's type. */
	const char *type;
	/** At what offset into the implementation type will we find a
	    bufferevent structure?

	    Example: if the type is implemented as
	    struct bufferevent_x {
	       int extra_data;
	       struct bufferevent bev;
	    }
	    then mem_offset should be offsetof(struct bufferevent_x, bev)
	*/
	off_t mem_offset;

	/** Enables one or more of EV_READ|EV_WRITE on a bufferevent.  Does
	    not need to adjust the 'enabled' field.  Returns 0 on success, -1
	    on failure.
	 */
	int (*enable)(struct bufferevent *, short);

	/** Disables one or more of EV_READ|EV_WRITE on a bufferevent.  Does
	    not need to adjust the 'enabled' field.  Returns 0 on success, -1
	    on failure.
	 */
	int (*disable)(struct bufferevent *, short);

	/** Detatches the bufferevent from related data structures. Called as
	 * soon as its reference count reaches 0. */
	void (*unlink)(struct bufferevent *);

	/** Free any storage and deallocate any extra data or structures used
	    in this implementation. Called when the bufferevent is
	    finalized.
	 */
	void (*destruct)(struct bufferevent *);

	/** Called when the timeouts on the bufferevent have changed.*/
	int (*adj_timeouts)(struct bufferevent *);

	/** Called to flush data. */
	int (*flush)(struct bufferevent *, short, enum bufferevent_flush_mode);

	/** Called to access miscellaneous fields. */
	int (*ctrl)(struct bufferevent *, enum bufferevent_ctrl_op, union bufferevent_ctrl_data *);

};

/**
  Shared implementation of a bufferevent.

  This type is exposed only because it was exposed in previous versions,
  and some people's code may rely on manipulating it.  Otherwise, you
  should really not rely on the layout, size, or contents of this structure:
  it is fairly volatile, and WILL change in future versions of the code.
**/
struct bufferevent {
	/** Event base for which this bufferevent was created. */
	struct event_base *ev_base;
	/** Pointer to a table of function pointers to set up how this
	    bufferevent behaves. */
	const struct bufferevent_ops *be_ops;

	/** A read event that triggers when a timeout has happened or a socket
	    is ready to read data.  Only used by some subtypes of
	    bufferevent. */
	struct event ev_read;
	/** A write event that triggers when a timeout has happened or a socket
	    is ready to write data.  Only used by some subtypes of
	    bufferevent. */
	struct event ev_write;

	/** An input buffer. Only the bufferevent is allowed to add data to
	    this buffer, though the user is allowed to drain it. */
	struct evbuffer *input;

	/** An input buffer. Only the bufferevent is allowed to drain data
	    from this buffer, though the user is allowed to add it. */
	struct evbuffer *output;

	struct event_watermark wm_read;
	struct event_watermark wm_write;

	bufferevent_data_cb readcb;
	bufferevent_data_cb writecb;
	/* This should be called 'eventcb', but renaming it would break
	 * backward compatibility */
	bufferevent_event_cb errorcb;
	void *cbarg;

	struct timeval timeout_read;
	struct timeval timeout_write;

	/** Events that are currently enabled: currently EV_READ and EV_WRITE
	    are supported. */
	short enabled;
};

struct evconnlistener_ops {
	int (*enable)(struct evconnlistener *);
	int (*disable)(struct evconnlistener *);
	void (*destroy)(struct evconnlistener *);
	void (*shutdown)(struct evconnlistener *);
	evutil_socket_t (*getfd)(struct evconnlistener *);
	struct event_base *(*getbase)(struct evconnlistener *);
};

struct evconnlistener {
	const struct evconnlistener_ops *ops;
	void *lock;
	evconnlistener_cb cb;
	evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb;
	void *user_data;
	unsigned flags;
	short refcnt;
	int accept4_flags;
	unsigned enabled : 1;
};

int event_base_dispatch(struct event_base *event_base)
{
	return (event_base_loop(event_base, 0));
}

int
event_base_loop(struct event_base *base, int flags)
{
	const struct eventop *evsel = base->evsel;//事件操作相关的接口
	struct timeval tv;
	struct timeval *tv_p;
	int res, done, retval = 0;

	/* Grab the lock.  We will release it inside evsel.dispatch, and again
	 * as we invoke user callbacks. */
	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);

	if (base->running_loop) {
		event_warnx("%s: reentrant invocation.  Only one event_base_loop"
		    " can run on each event_base at once.", __func__);
		EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
		return -1;
	}

	base->running_loop = 1;

	clear_time_cache(base);

	if (base->sig.ev_signal_added && base->sig.ev_n_signals_added)
		evsig_set_base_(base);

	done = 0;

#ifndef EVENT__DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
	base->th_owner_id = EVTHREAD_GET_ID();
#endif

	base->event_gotterm = base->event_break = 0;

	while (!done) {
		base->event_continue = 0;
		base->n_deferreds_queued = 0;

		/* Terminate the loop if we have been asked to */
		if (base->event_gotterm) {
			break;
		}

		if (base->event_break) {
			break;
		}
		// 定时任务
		tv_p = &tv;
		if (!N_ACTIVE_CALLBACKS(base) && !(flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)) {
			timeout_next(base, &tv_p);
		} else {
			/*
			 * if we have active events, we just poll new events
			 * without waiting.
			 */
			evutil_timerclear(&tv);
		}

		/* If we have no events, we just exit */
		if (0==(flags&EVLOOP_NO_EXIT_ON_EMPTY) &&
		    !event_haveevents(base) && !N_ACTIVE_CALLBACKS(base)) {
			event_debug(("%s: no events registered.", __func__));
			retval = 1;
			goto done;
		}

		event_queue_make_later_events_active(base);

		clear_time_cache(base);

		res = evsel->dispatch(base, tv_p);

		if (res == -1) {
			event_debug(("%s: dispatch returned unsuccessfully.",
				__func__));
			retval = -1;
			goto done;
		}

		update_time_cache(base);

		timeout_process(base);//收集定时任务

		if (N_ACTIVE_CALLBACKS(base)) {
			int n = event_process_active(base);//处理队列事件
			if ((flags & EVLOOP_ONCE)
			    && N_ACTIVE_CALLBACKS(base) == 0
			    && n != 0)
				done = 1;
		} else if (flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)
			done = 1;
	}
	event_debug(("%s: asked to terminate loop.", __func__));

done:
	clear_time_cache(base);
	base->running_loop = 0;

	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);

	return (retval);
}

int
event_base_loopexit(struct event_base *event_base, const struct timeval *tv)
{
	return (event_base_once(event_base, -1, EV_TIMEOUT, event_loopexit_cb,
		    event_base, tv));
}

/* Schedules an event once */
int
event_base_once(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events,
    void (*callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *),
    void *arg, const struct timeval *tv)
{
	struct event_once *eonce;
	int res = 0;
	int activate = 0;

	if (!base)
		return (-1);

	/* We cannot support signals that just fire once, or persistent
	 * events. */
	if (events & (EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST))
		return (-1);

	if ((eonce = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct event_once))) == NULL)
		return (-1);

	eonce->cb = callback;
	eonce->arg = arg;

	if ((events & (EV_TIMEOUT|EV_SIGNAL|EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED)) == EV_TIMEOUT) {
		evtimer_assign(&eonce->ev, base, event_once_cb, eonce);

		if (tv == NULL || ! evutil_timerisset(tv)) {
			/* If the event is going to become active immediately,
			 * don't put it on the timeout queue.  This is one
			 * idiom for scheduling a callback, so let's make
			 * it fast (and order-preserving). */
			activate = 1;
		}
	} else if (events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED)) {
		events &= EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED;

		event_assign(&eonce->ev, base, fd, events, event_once_cb, eonce);
	} else {
		/* Bad event combination */
		mm_free(eonce);
		return (-1);
	}

	if (res == 0) {
		EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
		if (activate)
			event_active_nolock_(&eonce->ev, EV_TIMEOUT, 1);
		else
			res = event_add_nolock_(&eonce->ev, tv, 0);

		if (res != 0) {
			mm_free(eonce);
			return (res);
		} else {
			LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&base->once_events, eonce, next_once);
		}
		EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
	}

	return (0);
}

void
bufferevent_setcb(struct bufferevent *bufev,
    bufferevent_data_cb readcb, bufferevent_data_cb writecb,
    bufferevent_event_cb eventcb, void *cbarg)
{
	BEV_LOCK(bufev);

	bufev->readcb = readcb;
	bufev->writecb = writecb;
	bufev->errorcb = eventcb;

	bufev->cbarg = cbarg;
	BEV_UNLOCK(bufev);
}