// 服务实现
[ServiceContract]
public interface IService
{
    [OperationContract]
    [FaultContract(typeof(ServiceFault))]
    string GetData(int value);
}

[DataContract]
public class ServiceFault
{
    [DataMember]
    public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
}

public class Service : IService
{
    public string GetData(int value)
    {
        try
        {
            // 业务逻辑
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            throw new FaultException<ServiceFault>(
                new ServiceFault { ErrorMessage = ex.Message },
                new FaultReason(ex.Message));
        }
    }
}

<system.serviceModel>
  <behaviors>
    <serviceBehaviors>
      <behavior>
        <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
      </behavior>
    </serviceBehaviors>
  </behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>

$.ajax({
    url: 'Service.svc/GetData',
    type: 'POST',
    contentType: 'application/json',
    data: JSON.stringify({ value: 123 }),
    dataType: 'json',
    success: function(response) {
        // 检查响应是否包含错误
        if (response && response.hasOwnProperty('Error')) {
            // 处理错误
            console.error(response.Error);
        } else {
            // 正常处理
            console.log(response);
        }
    },
    error: function(xhr, status, error) {
        // 处理HTTP错误
        console.error('Error:', error);
    }
});