OOP术语:类、属性、属性、字段、数据成员

class Person:
    # 类属性
    species = "Homo Sapiens"

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        # 实例属性
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    # 方法
    def introduce(self):
        print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")

# 创建对象实例
person1 = Person("Alice", 30)
person2 = Person("Bob", 25)

# 访问实例属性
print(person1.name)  # 输出: Alice
print(person2.age)   # 输出: 25

# 访问类属性
print(Person.species)  # 输出: Homo Sapiens

# 调用方法
person1.introduce()  # 输出: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 30 years old.

class Person:
    species = "Homo Sapiens"

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    @classmethod
    def change_species(cls, new_species):
        cls.species = new_species

# 修改类属性
Person.change_species("Homo Neanderthalensis")
print(Person.species)  # 输出: Homo Neanderthalensis