ORTools(Operations Research Tools)是由Google开发的一套开源工具集,旨在帮助开发者解决运筹学和优化问题。其中的车辆路径问题(Vehicle Routing Problem, VRP)模块专门用于解决如何在给定的约束条件下,设计最优的车辆路线,以最小化成本、时间或其他指标。
车辆路径问题有多种变体,包括但不限于:
问题1:求解时间过长。
问题2:找不到可行解。
问题3:求解结果不稳定。
以下是一个简单的示例,展示如何使用ORTools解决带时间窗口的车辆路径问题(VRPTW):
from ortools.constraint_solver import routing_enums_pb2
from ortools.constraint_solver import pywrapcp
def create_data_model():
data = {}
data['distance_matrix'] = [
[0, 500, 100, 200],
[500, 0, 800, 600],
[100, 800, 0, 300],
[200, 600, 300, 0]
]
data['time_matrix'] = [
[0, 10, 20, 30],
[10, 0, 50, 40],
[20, 50, 0, 60],
[30, 40, 60, 0]
]
data['num_vehicles'] = 1
data['depot'] = 0
return data
def main():
data = create_data_model()
manager = pywrapcp.RoutingIndexManager(len(data['distance_matrix']), data['num_vehicles'], data['depot'])
routing = pywrapcp.RoutingModel(manager)
def distance_callback(from_index, to_index):
from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index)
to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index)
return data['distance_matrix'][from_node][to_node]
def time_callback(from_index, to_index):
from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index)
to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index)
return data['time_matrix'][from_node][to_node]
transit_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(distance_callback)
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_callback_index)
transit_time_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(time_callback)
routing.AddDimension(transit_time_callback_index, # transit callback index
0, # no slack
1000, # maximum time per vehicle
True, # start cumul to zero
'Time')
routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_time_callback_index)
search_parameters = pywrapcp.DefaultRoutingSearchParameters()
search_parameters.first_solution_strategy = (
routing_enums_pb2.FirstSolutionStrategy.PATH_CHEAPEST_ARC)
solution = routing.SolveWithParameters(search_parameters)
if solution:
print_solution(manager, routing, solution)
def print_solution(manager, routing, solution):
print(f'Objective: {solution.ObjectiveValue()}')
index = routing.Start(0)
plan_output = 'Route for vehicle 0:\n'
route_distance = 0
while not routing.IsEnd(index):
plan_output += f' {manager.IndexToNode(index)} -> '
previous_index = index
index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index))
route_distance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(previous_index, index, 0)
plan_output += f'{manager.IndexToNode(index)}\n'
route_time = solution.Minutes(routing.GetTotalTimeDimension().CumulVar(index))
print(f'Time of the route: {route_time} min\n')
print(plan_output)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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