Pandas取上面行的差值的比率，并将值存储在另一列中，具有多索引

import pandas as pd

# 创建一个包含多索引的DataFrame
data = {'A': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
        'B': [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('x', 'a'), ('x', 'b'), ('y', 'c'), ('y', 'd'), ('z', 'e')], names=['index1', 'index2']))

# 计算上面行的差值
df['diff'] = df['A'].diff()

# 计算比率
df['ratio'] = df['A'].div(df['A'].shift())

print(df)

              A   B  diff  ratio
index1 index2                  
x      a      1  10   NaN    NaN
       b      2  20   1.0    2.0
y      c      3  30   1.0    1.5
       d      4  40   1.0    1.333333
z      e      5  50   1.0    1.25